- •Міністерство аграрної політики україни сумський національний аграрний університет business english
- •Unit 1 the economic environment
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents.
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms.
- •3. Increase your vocabulary.
- •To deny
- •6. Find in the text English equivalents for the following:
- •7. Answer the questions.
- •8. Translate using all the active possible.
- •Unit 2 measuring economic activity
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Translate into English. To affect smb, smth
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms.
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text.
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following.
- •5. Increase your vocabulary:
- •It is likely (unlikely) that...
- •6. Give explanations in English
- •7. Answer the questions.
- •8. Translate using all the active possible.
- •Unit 3 three economic issues Three economic issues
- •The oil price shocks
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following:
- •6. Explain in English:
- •7. Answer the questions:
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Fill in the table with the data from the text Table 1. The distribution of world income
- •4. Find English equivalents
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 5 the role of government
- •Tabl. 2. Government Spending as a Percentage of National Income
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •6. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Draw a figure, complete it, mark all the points (from a to g) and explain it in English making use of the following phrases
- •4. Find English equivalents
- •5. Explain in English
- •6. Answer the question
- •7. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate using the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Increase your vocabulary
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 10
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Explain in English
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 11
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Shorten the following sentences without changing their meaning, like this:
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 12
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •4. Answer the questions
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 13
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Check your prepositions. Insert a suitable preposition in each of the blanks in these sentences
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 14
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Give explanations in English
- •6. Read the description of drawing a circular flow
- •Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •Draw the circular flow and describe it using all the active possible
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate using all the active possible
- •Unit 15
- •Injections
- •Investments.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Unit 16
- •Imports.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Unit 17
- •Inflation
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 18
- •1. Accounting and financial problems.
- •2. Falling sales.
- •3. High interest rates.
- •4. Higher costs.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 19
- •Vocabulary notes
- •2. Find English explanations or paraphrase
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 20
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Find in the text opposites to the following words and expressions
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 21 the role of banks
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •3. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •4. Answer the questions
- •5. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 22
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Increase your vocabulary
- •5. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •6. Explain in English
- •7. Answer the questions
- •8. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 23
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Unit 24
- •Interest rates and bond prices
- •Assignments
- •Unit 25
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 26
- •Assignments
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 27
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Check your grammar
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 28
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Answer the questions
- •6. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Unit 29
- •Vocabulary note
- •Assignments
- •1. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •2. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents for the following
- •5. Explain in English
- •6. Answer the questions
- •7. Translate Into English using all the active possible
- •Grammar
- •1. Revision of tenses
- •Going to the Pictures
- •The Little Girl and the Wolf
- •Modal verbs
- •Conditional sentences.
- •In case
- •Ex. 12 Write sentences beginning I wish … would…
- •4. Verbals ( Infinitive. Gerund. Participle I, II.)
- •Infinitive.
- •2. Infinitive with or without 'to'.
- •3. Infinitive after question words.
- •4. Negative infinitive.
- •5. Verbs normally followed by the infinitive.
- •6. Infinitive constructions
- •I want you to help me.
- •I haven’t heard anyone call me.
- •It was a brilliant day, with the sun shining exceedingly bright after the rain.
- •I found him waiting for me, with his bag in his hand.
- •Ex. 1 Gerund or Infinitive?
- •5. The sequence of tenses. Direct and indirect speech.
- •Statements
- •Questions
- •Definitions
- •Vocabulary
- •Список використаної літератури
- •Contents
Ex. 12 Write sentences beginning I wish … would…
1. Somebody won’t stop talking. (I wish he would stop talking.) 2. It’s not snowing. 3. The phone keeps ringing. 4. The baby won’t stop crying. 5. The kettle won’t boil. 6. The traffic lights won’t go green. 7. Your mother hasn’t written. 8. Pat hasn’t found a job. 9. The exam results haven’t come. 10. Spring hasn’t come.
Ex. 13 Put the beginnings and ends together, using I wish + past perfect.
Example: I wish I'd been nicer to my sister when we were kids.
BEGINNINGS
|
ENDS
|
(be) nicer to my sister
|
a better school.
|
(choose)
|
a different career.
|
(do) more travelling
|
harder at university.
|
(go) to
|
last night.
|
(go) to bed earlier
|
my teeth.
|
(not get married)
|
the truth.
|
(not tell) him
|
when I had the chance.
|
(save) money
|
when I was eighteen.
|
(study)
|
when I was earning a good salary.
|
(take better care of)
|
when we were kids.
|
Ex. 14 Open the brakets using suitable form of the verb.
1. I don't understand this point of grammar. I wish I (understand) it better. 2. It never stops raining here. I wish it (stop) raining. 3. I should never have said that. I wish I (not say) that. 4. I miss my friends. I wish my friends (be) here right now. 5. I speak terrible English. I wish I (speak) English well. 6. I cannot sleep. The dog next door is making too much noise. I wish it (keep) quiet. 7. This train is very slow. The earlier train was much faster. I wish I (catch) the earlier train. 8. I didn't see the TV programme but everybody said it was excellent. I wish I (see) it. 9. I went out in the rain and now I have a bad cold. I wish I (not go) out. 10. This movie is terrible. I wish we (go) to see another one. 11. I hate living in England. It's cold and it's damp. I wish I (live) in Spain. 12. I love California. I wish I (be) there right now. 13. My car is too small. I wish I (have) a bigger one. 14. I was only in Miami for a week. I wish I (have) more time there but I had to go on to New York. 15. My face is bright red. I wish I (not sit) in the sun so long yesterday. 16. It was supposed to be a secret. I wish you (not tell) him. 17. They didn't offer me the job. I wish they (offer) it to me. 18. You're always moaning about something or other. I wish you (shut up). 19. I hate having red hair. I wish I (have) blonde hair. 20. This exercise is very boring. I wish the teacher (give) us some more interesting things to do. 21. I live in a small house. I wish I (live) in a big one. 22. I drive a Renault. It's nice but I wish I (have) a Rolls Royce. 23. You're the best teacher I've ever had. I wish you (be) my teacher last year as well. 24. I don't like these shoes very much. I wish I (not buy) them. 25. You're not listening to me. I wish you (listen) to me. 26. The weather is awful. I wish it (stop) raining. 27. I can't come. I wish I (can/be able to) come. 28. I'd love to live in Paris. I wish I (live) in Paris. 29. All my friends are very rich. I wish I (be) rich. 30. I'm not very good-looking. I wish I (be) good-looking. 31. He's notarrived yet. I wish he (hurry) up. 32. I'm cold and miserable. I wish I (be) at home in bed. 33. I hate this war. I wish it (end). 34. He's a very rude man. I wish he (be) more polite. 35. I studied English at school but I never listened to the teacher. I wish I (pay) more attention. 36. I've no time to see you. I wish you (tell) me you were coming. 37. My husband always comes home late. I wish he (come) home early for a change. 38. I cannot concentrate. I wish you (stop) making so much noise. 39. I'd love to visit Orlando. I wish I (have) enough money to go there. 40. I hate my job. I wish I (do) something more interesting.
Ex.15 Put the expressions together to make conversations.
Example: ‘It’s time to go.’ ‘I’d rather stay at home.’
IT’S TIME TO
go out. clean the car. cook supper. get a new fridge.
get your hair cut. go home. invite the Harrises. see the dentist.
start work on the garden. plan our trip to Scotland.
I’D RATHER
stay at home. go on using the old one for a bit. keep it long. go to Wales.
have something cold. invite the Johnsons. stay here for a bit longer.
not clean it today. see her next year. start next week.
Ex. 16 Write sentences using It’s time you/he/etc.
1. You ought to clean that car. (It’s time you cleaned that car.) 2. She should get her hair cut. 3. We ought to have a holiday. 4. You need to cut the grass. 5. You should wash that sweater. 6. You ought to stop smoking. 7. He ought to grow up. 8. We ought to paint the kitchen. 9. He needs a new car. 10. That team hasn’t won a match for ages.
Ex. 17 Rewrite the second sentence in each conversation, starting with I’d rather we/you/etc.
1. ‘You’d better phone Judy.’ ‘No, you phone her.’ (I’d rather you phoned her.) 2. ‘Let’s talk things over.’ ‘No, let’s talk tomorrow.’ 3. ‘Shall I come at nine?’ ‘Ten would be better.’ 4. ‘I’ll phone Sue.’ ‘No, don’t.’ 5. ‘Can she work with you?’ ‘Why doesn’t she work with Maggie?’ 6. ‘I’ll cook tomorrow.’ ‘Tonight would be better.’ 7. ‘Ask that policeman.’ ‘You ask him.’ 8. ‘Mark wants to go out.’ ‘I’d prefer him to stay in.’ 9. ‘Can they use our sheets?’ ‘It would be more convenient if they brought their own.’ 10. ‘The government wants to cut taxes.’ ‘It would be better if they did something about the homeless.’
Write sentences beginning It’s time the government did something for/about…
Ex. 18 Translate into English.
Він не виконає це завдання, якщо воно буде занадто складним.
Якби в мене був гарний словник, я б витрачав менше часу на переклади.
Що б ви робили, якби були на моєму місці?
Якщо ви допоможете мені, я перекладу цей текст швидше.
Якби ваша пропозиція була отримана на минулому тижні, ми б прийняли її.
Мені подобається цей годинник. Якби він коштував дешевше, я б купив його.
Завтра ми поїдемо за місто, якщо тільки не буде дощу.
Вони могли б прийти раніше, якби їх не затримали.
Я упевнений, що ви б робили менше помилок, якби краще знали граматику.
Цього б не трапилося, якби ви були там.
Якщо ви не будете більше займатися, то вам буде важко здавати іспити.
На вашому місці я б вибрав іншу роботу.
Якби ви прийшли раніше, ви б ще застали моїх батьків.
Якби вирішення цього питання залежало від мене, я б допоміг вам.
Алан не прийняв би цю пропозицію, якби не мав потреби в грошах. (to be short of money)
Що ви зробите, якщо виграєте головний приз?
Він міг би відповідати краще, якби постарався.
Якби вони не відмовилися допомогти, ми б учора вже закінчили роботу.
Якби Дэнні виїхав завтра раніше, то він був би в Нью-Йорку вже до вечора.
Куди він поїде влітку? – В Італію, якщо в нього буде досить грошей.
Ви могли б піти з нами на концерт, якби захотіли.
Якби ви читали книгу, то ви б краще зрозуміли фільм.
Мені більше подобався б тутешній клімат, якби дощ не йшов так часто.
Якби я взяв із собою відеокамеру, то зняв би гарний фільм під час подорожі.
На вашому місці я б не сперечався.
Якби завдання було не таким складним, студенти виконали б його набагато швидше .
Ви, можливо, пройшли б співбесіду набагато успішніше, якби краще підготувалися до неї.
Якщо ви візьмете таксі, то встигнете його зустріти.
Якби не ти, я б міг витратити на це набагато більше часу.
Лорейн не вийшла б за нього заміж, якби не була упевнена в тім, що це буде гарний шлюб.
Леслі міг би грати тихіше, якби думав про тих, хто живе поруч.
Якби я був у місті, коли твій брат приїжджав, я б побачився з ним.
Я б не погодився на цю пропозицію, якби я був на місці Ларрі.
Якщо нас не буде вдома, коли ви зателефонуєте, то передзвоніть пізніше.
Я б не почав читати цю книгу, якби мені її не порекомендували.
Якби ми могли залишити з ким-небудь дитину, ми могли б піти в гості.
Не допомагайте йому, якщо тільки він сам вас про це не попросить.
Якби він не витрачав так багато грошей, йому не довелося б брати в борг.
Девід ніколи б не вступив до університету, якби не займався історією в школі.
Якщо вам не вистачає грошей, то прийдеться почекати з покупкою телевізора.
Він міг би стати знаменитістю, якби не відсутність честолюбства.
Якщо він не зможе нічого пояснити, його чекають великі неприємності.
Ніхто б не запідозрив його в крадіжці, якби він знищив відбитки пальців. (fingerprints)
Він не приїжджав би в це місто кожне літо, якби йому там не подобалося.
Якби нам не вдалося зловити таксі, ми, можливо, спізнилися б на літак.
Брайан купить нову машину, якщо не витратить гроші на що-небудь інше.
Якби ви попросили їх допомогти, вони б не відмовили вам.
Якби ви взяли таксі, ви б приїхали на вокзал вчасно.
Він міг би давно погодитися з нашою пропозицією, якби він не був таким упертим.