III. Look through the text and answer the following questions:

1. Why should weather conditions always be taken into consideration?

2. What meteorological elements determine the state of the atmosphere?

3. What does the term "thick weather" mean?

4. What forms of precipitation do you know?

5. What indicates the approach of a storm?

6. What is the wind always named after?

7. What do the Beaufort scale numbers mean?

8. What terms indicate a change of wind direction?

9. Which of the meteorological elements are most important for the navigator?

Unit 2. Weather Messages

I. Translate from English into Russian using the words given below:

National Meteorological Centres issue data in the form of weather bulletins for vessels at sea. The nature of bulletins varies around the world but the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) does recommend a certain order of presentation of data. A bulletin may consist of six parts. Parts 1, 2 and 3 (Storm Warnings, Synopsis and Forecast) contain very important data. Parts 4, 5 and 6 include the data in coded format and may be transmitted with Parts 1, 2 and 3, or at a later time.

Structure of weather bulletin

Part	Title	Contents
1	Storm Warnings	Sea areas affected identified, forecast wind conditions, and the location, movement, development or decay of the related pressure centres. The statement of "No Storm Warnings" is used when there is no forecast storm condition.
2	Synopsis	Identifies the major pressure systems, their movement, development or decay. In low latitudes this part may simply state the existence of seasonal weather, the daily condition being similar to the seasonal pattern and the rate of change minimal.
3	Forecast	A forecast statement for the period stated in the bulletin for each of the sub-sections for which the NMC is responsible. The statement includes the anticipated wind, visibility, weather and wave conditions.
4	Analysis or prognosis	Details of type and location of pressure centres, central pressure values, types and location of fronts, and position of selected isobars. The data is in coded format.
5	Sea station reports	Synoptic reports from vessels in a reduced code format.
6	Land station reports	Synoptic reports from coastal land stations in a reduced code format.

Vocabulary

decay	уменьшение, спад
related	зд. связанные с ними
pattern	модель
anticipated	ожидаемый
NMC	national meteorological centre
rate	величина

Примечание:

Прогнозы погоды, помещаемые в части 3 метеорологического бюллетеня, имеют следующее содержание:

1. период действия прогноза;

2. название или обозначение района, на который распространяется прогноз. Решением Всемирной метеорологической организации все океаны и моря в целях гидрометеообеспечения разбиты на районы. Каждому району присвоено условное кодовое название (ORAN, RIDGE) или буквенно-цифровые коды (A20, WAM). Иногда указываются и обычные географические районы (PERSIAN GULF);

3. параметры погоды и их изменения за период действия прогноза:

1) скорость и направление ветра;

2) волны и зыбь;

3) осадки (не включаются, если не имеют важного значения);

4) видимость (при значениях выше 6 миль может в прогноз не включаться);

5) условия обледенения, если это явление наблюдается.