What is a surveyor?

A surveyor is more than one of those guys you see out in the road. Surveying is a vital part of the design and construction process. We perform boundary surveys to tell people where their property is, map the topography of land for engineering design, establish elevations of homesites for flood insurance, perform title surveys for real estate transactions, certify that structures are built according to design, lay out buildings, subdivisions and other construction projects so the construction companies can relate the engineering plans to the real world, and build control networks that all land parcels can relate to in a given area. We also map slopes and areas, map river bottoms for dredging, lay out photo control for aerial photography and photogrammetry, write legal descriptions that are used to describe pieces of property, map and layout corridors for tunnels, roads, airports, pipelines, cellular networks and railroads, and split up properties into new lots, such as subdivisions.

• Using the following expressions tell why your are going to become a professional surveyor and what skills you are to obtain while studying at the University.

• I'm going to become a surveyor because it is interesting to ...

• As a professional surveyor I'll be able to ...

• Studying at the University we learn how to ...

• When we get practice our teaching instructors teach us to ...

TEXT 4

Global positioning system (gps) and traditional total station surveying

Study the Vocabulary.

1. GPS (Global Positioning System)	['glqb(q)l pq'ziS(q)niN 'sistqm]	GPS система, глобальная система навигации и местоопределения
2. tool	[tHl]	инструмент; оборудование; приспособление
3. precise	[pri'sais]	точный; определённый
4. to operate	['Op(q)reit]	работать, действовать, функционировать (о приборах, механизмах)
5. satellite	['sxt(q)lait]	спутник
6. receiver	[ri'sivq]	ресивер (электронное устройство, распознающее передаваемые сигналы и представляющее их в соответствующей форме)
7. data	['deitq]	данные, информация
8. data collector	['deitq kq'lektq]	блок сбора данных; центр сбора данных
9. to transmit	[trxnz'mit] [trAn'smit]	передавать, транслировать
10. total station	['tqut(q)l 'steiS(q)n]	тахеометр
11. to incorporate	[in'kLp(q)rat]	соединять, объединять в себе
12. distance meter	['distqns 'mJtq]	дальномер
13. theodolite	[Ti'Odq"lait]	теодолит
14. beam	[bJm]	луч
15. coordinate geometry	[kqu'Ldi"neit GiOmitri]	аналитическая геометрия
16. to figure out	['figq aut]	вычислять, высчитывать
17 stake	[steik]	веха; пикет, столб

Exercise 1. Match the word from your active vocabulary and its definition.

1. Strictly correct in amount or value.	a. to operate
2. To send out (signals) by means of radio waves or along a transmission line; to broadcast (a radio or television program)	b. total station
3. To function or cause to function; to control the functioning of.	c. tool
4. The equipment in a radar system, radio telescope, etc., that converts incoming radio signals into a useful form, usually displayed on the screen of a cathode-ray oscilloscope.	d. stake
5. An implement, such as a hammer, saw, or spade, that is used by hand.	e. precise
6. A man-made device orbiting around the earth, moon, or another planet transmitting to earth scientific information or used for communication.	f. coordinate geometry
7. A ray or column of light; a narrow unidirectional flow of electromagnetic radiation or particles.	g. data
8. The information operated on by a computer program.	h. to transmit
9. A tool designed for the rapid measurement of distances, elevations, and directions.	i. to incorporate
10. To include or be included as a part or member of a united whole.	j. beam
11. A stick or metal bar driven into the ground as a marker, part of a fence, support for a plant, etc.	k. satellite
12. The branch of geometry that uses algebraic notation and analysis to locate a geometric point in terms of a coordinate system.	l. receiver

Exercise 2. Find the English equivalents from your active vocabulary to these Russian words.

1. соединять, объединять в себе
2.данные
3.тахеометр
4.блок сбора данных
5.спутник
6.луч
7.дальномер
8.инструмент
9.передавать
10.точный
11.аналитическая геометрия
12.веха
13.ресивер
14.работать
15.теодолит

Exercise 3. Find the synonym to the given word from your active vocabulary.

1.exact, punctual
2.sputnik
3.to dispatch
4.to embody, to include
5.analytical geometry
6.implement
7.ray
8.tacheometer
9.information
10.to act, to work

Read and translate the texts.

Global Positioning System (GPS.) GPS is a tool we use for precise positioning of points. It operates through satellites which send out signals to our receiver (the thing on the tripod). The receiver then transmits those signals to our data collector, which stores the data. After we get it into the office, we download the data into the computer, and the computer software resolves from the data the exact position of our point within a few millimeters.

Traditional Total Station Surveying The primary function of the field surveyor is measuring, mapping, and observing. Our most important tool for these purposes is our total station. It's given this name because it incorporates a distance meter for measuring distances and a theodolite for measuring angles into one instrument.

The total station measures by sending a beam of infrared light toward a prism, usually supported either by a tripod or a pole. The light reflects off the prism directly back to the total station. By measuring the time it takes for the light to return, the total station calculates the distance away that the prism is.

The information that the total station measures (angles and distances) is recorded in a data collector for later downloading into a computer in the office. The data collector also doubles as a field computer, enabling us to calculate coordinate geometry in the field and figure out the proper position in which to put our stakes.

• Retell one of the texts and tell about the principle of operation of the GPS or total station

TEXT 5