- •Text 1 land surveying
- •Land Surveying
- •What do I do?
- •What do I do?
- •What is a surveyor?
- •What is a surveyor?
- •Global positioning system (gps) and traditional total station surveying
- •Leveling and 3-d surveying
- •Leveling and 3-d surveying
- •Basic theories of surveying
- •Basic theories of surveying
- •Tools and methodology of surveying
- •Tools and methodology of surveying
- •The duties of the surveyor
- •The duties of the surveyor
- •A little about surveying in texas
- •A little about surveying in texas
Leveling and 3-d surveying
Study the Vocabulary.
1. leveling |
['lev(q)liN] |
выравнивание; нивелировка; горизонтирование, планировка |
2. elevation |
["eli'veiSqn] |
высотная отметка, превышение |
3. differential leveling |
["difq'renSql 'lev(q)liN] |
геометрическое нивелирование |
4. ruler |
['rHlq] |
линейка |
5. level |
['lev(q)l] |
уровень |
6. construction site |
[kqn'strAkS(q)n sait] |
сторойка, строительная площадка |
7. contractor |
[kqn'trxktq] |
подрядчик |
8. spot |
[spOt] |
точка; место, местность; небольшой участок местности |
Exercise 1. Match the word from your active vocabulary and its definition.
1. A small mark on a surface, such as a circular patch or stain, differing in color or texture from its surroundings; a geographical area that is restricted in extent; a location. |
a. elevation |
2. A person or firm that contracts to supply materials or labor, esp. for building. |
b. leveling |
3. The angular distance between the plane through a point of observation and an object above it. |
c. contractor |
4. A place where the process or act of constructing takes place. |
d. level |
5. The process of creating a flat even surface or area of land. |
e. spot |
6. A strip of wood, metal, or other material, having straight edges graduated usually in millimeters or inches, used for measuring and drawing straight lines. |
f. construction site |
7. A device for determining whether a surface is horizontal. |
g ruler |
Exercise 2. Find the English equivalents from your active vocabulary to these Russian words.
1. точка |
|
2.уровень |
|
3.подрядчик |
|
4. нивелировка |
|
5.высотная отметка |
|
6.геометрическое нивелирование |
|
7.линейка |
|
Read and translate the text.
Leveling and 3-d surveying
There are different ways we compute elevations of land. One of them is called differential leveling. It's called this because you are calculating the difference in elevation between two points on the ground. You basically look at a ruler held on the ground and see how high above the ground your level is set up. Then you look at the same ruler on a different spot on the ground and see how high above that spot your level is set up. This gives you the difference in elevation between the points.
We also derive elevations with our total station by using geometry and measuring the angles and distances, and by Global Positioning System by intersecting vectors from satellites in space, but this is often the easiest way.
TEXT 6