Pathology of pregnancy

1. A 29-year-old woman presented to maternity department with termination of pregnancy at 20 weeks of gestation. The fetus and fetal membranes were delivered with some blood clots. Histological investigation revealed fetal membranes, chorion villi and decidual tissue. Name the described pathology of pregnancy.

A. *Spontaneous complete abortion

B. Premature birth

C. Hydatidiform mole

D. Invasive hydatidiform mole

E. Artificial abortion

2. A young woman presented to the hospital with an acute pain. Her uterine tube was removed at gynecology department. Macroscopic investigation of a tube revealed its local dilation at the middle third and blood clots accumulations within the lumen. A histological research showed chorion villi, surrounded by areas of erythrocytes with some leucocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. *Tubal pregnancy

B. Acute purulent salpingitis

C. Hemorrhage in tube of the uteri

D. Hemorrhagic salpingitis

E. Tuberculous salpingitis

3. A 35-year-old woman had an operation of uterine tube removal at gynecology department. A histological research of a tube’s wall reveled chorion villi and decidual cells. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. *Tubal pregnancy

B. Placental polyp

C. Choriocarcinoma

D. Paper-doll fetus

E. Lithopedion

4. A- post-mortem of a pregnant woman revealed a brain edema, hemorrhagic pneumonia, motley liver with a hemorrhage. Microscopic study showed disseminated blood clotting of vessels, plural fine necroses and hemorrhages in internal organs. In addition, in kidneys there were found cortical necroses and a fibrinoid necrosis of a tubules epithelium within a nephron.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. *Eclampsia

B. Pre-eclampsia

C. Septicopyemia

D. Septicemia

E. Acute renal insufficiency

5. A 25-year-old woman with a medical history of recent childbirth presented to gynecology department with metrorrhagia. The histological investigation of a curettage material revealed a pathologic growth, consisted of fibrin clots, chorion villi and decidual tissue, undergoing organization. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. * Placental polyp

B. Glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium

C. Hydatidiform mole

D. Choriocarcinoma

E. Endometritis

Diseases of the reproductive system

1. A 45-year-old woman with a medical history of a menstrual cycle disturbance had curettage of the uterine cavity to obtain endometrial tissue for histopathologic analysis. Microscopic investigation revealed the increased quantity of the endometrial glands, their form irregularity. Some of glands were dilated or had a saw-like pattern. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. * Cystic glandular hyperplasia of endometrium

B. Placental polyp

C. Atypical hyperplasia of endometrium

D. Glandular polyp of endometrium

E. Endometrial adenocarcinoma

2. An autopsy of an elderly man revealed enlarged, soft, elastic, slightly nodular prostate. A gross investigation of a cut section showed separate nodes parted by layers of a connective tissue. The compressed surrounding prostatic tissue created a plane of cleavage about them. A microscopic study found the increase of glands quantity. There were variable number of prostatic nodes and glands in them.

A. * Glandular nodular hyperplasia

B. Fibromuscular (stromal) hyperplasia

C. Mixed nodular hyperplasia

D. Adenocarcinoma

E. Undifferentiated carcinoma

3. A 30-year-old woman, with a history of a chronic endocervicitis, passed routine inspection at the gynecologist with no complaints. A histological investigation of a biopsy, taken from the pars vaginalis neck of the uteri, revealed the high cylindrical epithelium, secreting mucus and branched out glands underneath. What is the most likely diagnose?

A. * Endocervicosis

B. Squamous metaplasia

C. Glandular metaplasia

D. Leukoplakia

E. Erythroplakia

4. A 68-year-old man presented with difficulty of a miction. The prostate was operatively removed. A microscopical investigation revealed an increase of glandular and muscular elements numbers. A lobular structure of prostate was also altered. What process in a prostate is the most probable?

A. * Mixed nodular hyperplasia

B. Glandular hyperplasia

C. Fibromuscular hyperplasia

D. Prostatitis

E. Adenocarcinoma

5. A 42-year-old woman presented with acyclic, plentiful, uterine bleedings. A histological investigation of a curettage material revealed increased quantity of glands and their cystic dilation. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. * Hyperplasia of endometrium

B. Atrophy of endometrium

C. Hypertrophy of endometrium

D. Metaplasia

E. Organization

6. A 42-year-old woman presented with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. A histological investigation of a curettage material revealed increased quantity of coiled glands and their cystic dilation. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. * Cystic glandular hyperplasia

B. Atrophy

C. Metaplasia

D. Displasia

E. Hypertrophic vegetations

7. A microscopic investigation of an endometrium revealed coiled extended glands with ‘saw-’ and a ‘spin-like’ pattern. A stromal proliferation with hyperplasia of its cells was also determined. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. * Glandular hyperplasia of endometrium

B. Acute endometritis

C. Leiomyoma

D. Hydatidiform mole

E. Placental polyp

8. A histological investigation of curettage of the cervical canal of the uteri revealed a prismatic epithelium and a significant amount of gland-like structures. They developed from the prismatic epithelium cambial elements, originated from the neck of a uterus. What is the most likely diagnose?

A. *Proliferative endocervicosis

B. Simple endocervicosis

C. Endocervicosis, stage of healing

D. Cervical adenomatosis

E. Cervical polyps

9. A 52-year-old woman, with a medical history of the menstrual cycle disturbances and hemorrhages, had curettage of the uterine cavity. Histological investigation revealed the increased quantity of the endometrial glands. Many glands had a morphological pattern of a proliferation phase, clumped together and had intraglandular papillary protrusions. Some glandular cells exhibited the signs of nuclear and cytoplasm polymorphism. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. *Atypical hyperplasia of endometrium

B. Cystic glandular hyperplasia of endometrium

C. Glandular hyperplasia of endometrium

D. Glandular polyp of endometrium

E. Adenocarcinoma of endometrium

10. A physical examination of a 68-year-old man, with complains to an acute ischuria (retention or suppression of the urine), revealed the nodular enlargement of a prostate. A microscopical investigation showed that the majority of knots were constructed of polymorphic glandular structures, with some retention cysts. The latter ones had thick secreta. What is the most likely diagnose?

A. *Glandular hyperplasia of prostate

B. Fibromuscular hyperplasia of prostate

C. Hyperplasia of prostate mixed form

D. Adenoma of prostate

E. Carcinoma of prostate

11. A 24-year-old woman, on a 3rd day after childbirth, presented with a diffusive edema and painful palpation of the right breast. Physical examination revealed hyperemia of the breast and a fervescence. Histological research of a gland’s tissue showed diffusive leucocytes infiltration of stroma, an interstitial edema and hyperemia of vessels. What is the most likely diagnose?

A. *Acute phlegmonous mastitis

B. Acute apostematous mastitis

C. Acute serous mastitis

D. Chronic purulent mastitis

E

12. A 48-year-old woman with a grease bloody flux from her genital tracts had a diagnostic curettage of her uterus cavity. Microscopical research of the uterus curettage material revealed a thinning of a mucosal layer, reduction of the endometrial glands number, a fibrosis of a stroma and some lymphoid cells infiltration. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. *Chronic atrophic endometritis

B. Acute purulent endometritis

D Chronic cystic endometritis

E. Chronic hypertrophic endometritis

13. A gynecologic investigation of the 36-year-old woman revealed bright red brilliant maculae on a uterus neck. They bleed easily at a touch. Biopsy investigation showed that a tissue sample was covered by a cylindrical epithelium with papillary growths. There was also a growth of glands within the thickness of a uterus neck tissue. What pathology of a uterus neck was diagnosed?

A. * Pseudoerosion

B. Cervical erosion

C. Endocervicitis

D. Glandular hyperplasia

E. Leukoplakia

14. A 23-year-old woman presents with her menstrual cycle disorder went trough a transvaginal puncture of Douglas' cul-de-sac resulted in aspiration of blood and some other material. A microscopic investigation of the puncture fluid revealed blood, some decidual cells and chorion villi. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. *Ectopic tubal pregnancy

B. Salpingitis

C. Rupture of Fallopian tube

D. Hydatidiform mole

E. Carcinoma uteri