Hypertension

1. An elderly male, with 15 years history of essential hypertension, died from renal failure. What would be the most likely gross picture of his kidneys at autopsy?

A. *Small, dense, a surface is fine-grained.

B. Large pied and soft.

C. Large red

D. Large white and smooth

E. Large with the plural thin-walled cysts.

2. A 52-year-old male had a long history of hypertension. He presented to emergency care physician with complains of an acute, persisted for few hours rise of a blood pressure. What is the most likely alteration of the arterioles’ walls due to hypertonic crisis?

A. *Fibrinous necrosis

B. Hyalinosis

C. Sclerosis

D. Amyloidosis

E. Calcinosis

3. An elderly woman, with a long history of bronchial asthma, ischemic heart disease and hypertension, presented with hypertrophy of her heart’s left ventricle. Name the cause of the heart alteration?

A. *Arterial hypertension

B. Pulmonary insufficiency

C. Chronic ischemia of cardiac muscle

D. Bronchial asthma

E. Emphysema of lights

4. An elderly male, with 20 years history of hypertension, died from uremia. An autopsy revealed a heart hypertrophy and diffuse cardiosclerosis. There were also small, dense kidneys with granularity of their surface. Histological investigation of kidneys tissue showed the collapse of glomerular’s arterioles and sclerosis. Some glomeruli were replaced with pinkish homogenous masses, negative to the Kongo-red staining. Tubules were atrophic. Name the kidney pathology?

A. *Primary-scarring kidneys

B. Secondary - scarring kidneys

C. Amyloidosis

D. Chronic glomerulonephritis

E. Chronic pyelonephritis

5. A 63-years-old patient, with a history of hypertensive disease, died from cardiac insufficiency. At autopsy, the heart enlargement and dilated ventricular cavities were revealed. Microscopical investigation showed marked hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, with their fatty dystrophy and hyperchromic barrel-like nucleuses. What pathological process is the most likely in a heart?

A *Eccentric hypertrophy

B. Myocarditis

C. Concentric hypertrophy

D. Angiogenic cardiosclerosis

E. Cardiomyopathy

6. A 64-years-old patient died from the brain’s hemorrhage. An autopsy revealed markedly decreased kidneys (6x3x2cm in sizes and 60, 0 grams weight). They were dense, anemic with an even, fine-grained surface. On a cut, there was a constant thinning of the kidneys’ cortex. Changes in kidneys are the implication of:

A. * Arteriolosclerotic nephrosclerosis

B. Atherosclerotic nephrosclerosis

C. Secondary- scarring kidney

D. Amyloidal- scarring kidney.

E. Gouty kidneys

7. A 64-years-old male died from uremia. At autopsy revealed reduced in sizes kidneys, with 50.0g weight. Their surfaces were regularly granulated; the cortexes were thin. A microscopic study showed considerably thickened walls of glomerular arterioles due to deposition of homogeneous unstructured pink masses. The lumens of these vessels were markedly narrowed; nephrons were diminished with sclerotic changes, tubules were atrophic. For what disease the described changes are characteristic?

A. * Hypertension

B. Chronic glomerulonephritis

C. Amyloidosis of kidneys

D. Pyelonephritis with scarring of kidneys

E. Acute necrotic nephrosis

8. A 65-year-old male long time was ill by hypertensive disease and died from chronic kidney insufficiency. The autopsy showed, that both kidneys are considerably decrease in sizes, their surfaces are granulated; histologically - most glomeruluses are containing hyaline, part of them in sclerotic condition, other in hyperplasia; in stroma - the fields of sclerosis, arteriolo- and arteriosclerosis, elastofibrosis of large kidney arteries branches. What is the name of the exposed changes?

A. * Arteriolosclerotic nephrosclerosis

B. Atherosclerotic nephrosclerosis

C. Secondary-restricted kidney

D. Chronic pyelonephritis

E. Amyloidal- scarring kidney.

9. An autopsy of 48-year-old patient, who died from the complications of hypertensive disease, revealed small, dense kidneys with fine-grained surface. Parenchyma and cortex matter were atrophied. Give the name for such kidneys.

A. *Primary-scarring kidneys

B. Amyloidal-scarring kidneys

C. Secondary-scarring kidneys

D. Pyelonephritic-scarring of kidneys

E.

10. An autopsy of an elderly woman, with a long history of hypertensive disease, revealed small size and weight (80 grams), firm kidneys. They had grey color and granular surface. On a cut, there was uniform thinning of a cortex. How it is possible to name the changes in kidneys?

A. *Primary- scarring kidneys

B. Pyelonephritic scarring of kidneys

C. Secondary - scarring kidneys

D. Amyloidal- scarring kidneys

E. Diabetic glomerulosclerosis

11. A 63-year-old man, with a long history of hypertensive disease, died from a hemorrhage in the brain. An autopsy revealed reduced in sizes, firm kidneys with fine-grained surface and thinned cortex matter. These changes in kidneys are characteristic for:

A. *Primary-scarring kidneys

B. Secondary-scarring kidneys

C. Amyloidal-scarring kidneys

D. Pyelonephritic-scarring of kidneys

E. Infarct of the kidney

12. An autopsy of a 61-year –old female revealed the thickening of her heart’s left ventricle up to 2.5 cm. Her kidneys were small, contracted and firm. The surface of the kidneys had a granular appearance. On a cut, there was a thinning of a cortical substance. Microscopical investigation showed arteriolosclerosis, glomerulosclerosis and interstitial sclerosis. What is the most likely disease?

A. *Hypertension

B. Atherosclerosis

C. Ischemic heart disease

D. Rheumatism

E. Amyloidosis of kidneys