Модуль III. Социально-культурная сфера общения

1.1. Language as means of intercultural dialogue

Key Vocabulary:

to study English – изучать английский язык

properly - тщательно

lack practice in English – недостаток практики в английском языке

fluent English – «беглый» английский

poor English – «плохой» английский

read English – читать по-английски

understand people – понимать людей

By the way – между прочим

to speak English better – говорить по-английски лучше

A. Are you still studying English?

B. Yes, but I’m pressed for time to study it properly. I have so many other things to do.

A. The same with me. I can read English without much difficulty, but I find it rather difficult to speak English. And the more so, I don’t always understand people when they speak English to me.

B. Yes, we lack practice in English, I suppose. By the way, do you listen to the English programmes on the radio.

A. Yes. It helps me to understand English better, but not to speak English better.

B. We must speak English with one another all the time not to get out of practice.

A. Yes, you’re right. It’s the best way to master it.

Составьте диалоги по темам: язык как средство межкультурного общения.

1.2. Глагольные времена действительного залога (Perfect Tenses)

Времена группы Perfect употребляются для выражения законченного действия, совершившегося к определенному моменту в настоящем или предшествующего действия по отношению к какому-то моменту в прошлом или будущем.

Времена группы Perfect образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола to have в соответствующем времени, лице и числе и причастия II смыслового глагола, т.е. по формуле: to have + Participle II:

Исходная форма стандартного глагола + ed = причастие страдательного залога (Participle II)

develop – developed

Participle II нестандартных глаголов* образуется для каждого глагола отдельно:

give – given

* Формы Participle II нестандартных глаголов даются в таблице нестандартных глаголов, включаемой в учебники английского языка.

The Present Perfect употребляется с наречиями неопределенного времени: today сегодня, this year в этом году, this week на этой неделе, already уже, always всегда, never никогда, so far до сих пор, ever когда-либо, just только что, often часто, not yet еще нет.

Present	Past	Future
have + PII has + Participle II	had + PII	will have + PII

Задание 1. Образуйте Participle II от стандартных глаголов: to produce, to use, to increase, to fulfill, to plant, to cover.

Задание 2. Образуйте Participle II от нестандартных глаголов, пользуясь таблицей нестандартных глаголов: to put, to set, to keep, to grow, to sow, to do, to make.

Задание 3. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Where had you worked before you entered the University?

2. Since the appearance of this book it has become well-known to every engineer and physicist.

3. He has never been to London.

4. English has become the principal language of international conferences.

5. We will have completed our experiments by the end of the week.

6. People have produced new machines to make their lives easier.

Задание 4. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках в Рast Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect. Предложения переведите.

1. They just (to finish) the work.

2. My friend (tо graduate) from the Institute last year.

3. Sciеnce and technology (to produce) real revolution in medicine.

4. He (to work) at the University for thirty years before he retired.

5. By 9 o'clock we (to finish) the work.

6. ... you (to pass) entrance exams this year? - Yes, I....

2.1. National cultures

Key Vocabulary:

Russian Federation – Российская Федерация

It occupies the area of – она занимает площадь

Masterpieces - шедевры

main distinctions – главные отличия

higher education – высшее образование

Have you ever been to Moscow? – Вы были в Москве?

Are Russians and Americans different in many ways? – Русские и американцы сильно отличаются?

try to keep to the old traditions – пытаться сохранить традиции

friendly and hospitable – дружелюбные и гостеприимные

1.- What area does the Russian Federation occupy? - It occupies the area of some 17,000,000 square kilometers. - - What is the most important river in Russia? - The Volga is the longest and the most important river of Russia.

- What kind of state is Russia? - Russia is now a parliamentary republic. - What can you say about Russian culture? - Russian culture is famous for its masterpieces. Nowadays composers, dancers and artists continue the traditions of their ancestors. - Is Russian school system different from that of the USA and the UK? - Yes, it differs a lot. The main distinctions are the age of entering the school, the national curriculum, the number of years spent at school and the way of getting higher education.

2. Have you ever been to Moscow? -Yes, I have been there twice. -What is your impression of the city? -It is large and noisy on the one hand, but really beautiful on the other hand. There are many parks, wonderful buildings and churches. -What monuments in Moscow do you know? - There are many monuments to famous people.

-What can you say about the Red Square? -The Red Square is the heart of Moscow. It was formed in the 15th century and named «the Red Square» because of its beauty (at that time «red» meant «beautiful»).

- What can you say about the State Tretyakov Gallery? - There you can see the best examples of Russian art.

- What is Arbat? - It is a street in Moscow. Here one can see all architectural styles. In this street you can see many houses famous for the writers, painters and other celebrities

1. -What American (British) holidays do you know? -There are many holidays in the USA .The British have less holidays. -What holidays are celebrated both in Russia and the USA/Great Britain? -The New Year's Day, Christmas, Constitution Day and Independence Day. -What is your favorite Russian holiday? -My favorite holiday is the New Year's Day, because we celebrate it with lots of tasty food and many presents. - How is Christmas celebrated in Great Britain? - Children gather in groups and go from house to house singing carols, traditional songs for Christmas. -Are Russians and Americans different in many ways? -Yes, there are some differences. Americans like new things and new ideas where as Russians are more conservative and try to keep to the old traditions. But both people are friendly and hospitable.

Составьте диалоги по темам: общее и различное в странах и национальных культурах.