I. Complete the text with the words from the box.

surrealists, realistic, Cubism, emotions, effect, shapes, arrangement, images, colours, scenes

In European art in the late 18th and early 19th centuries there appears a group of artists who followed their feelings and (0) emotions rather than logical thought or reason, and who preferred wild, natural beauty to things made by man. Realism followed Romanticism in the 19th century. (1) … paintings show things as they really are, as they appear to most people. In the 20th century there appeared such art movements as Impressionism, Surrealism, such styles as (2)... and Expressionism.

Impressionism was founded in France in the 1870s by Claude Monet and his friends. They painted outdoors and developed a sketchy 'impressionistic' style, trying to capture the changing (3) ... of natural light.

Surrealism appeared in the 20th century. Salvador Dali and Rene Magritte were famous (4) ... In their works they used strange dreamlike (5)... .

Pablo Picasso became one of the most famous modern artists, working in many different styles from delicate pastels to striking Cubist (6)... where he wasn't trying to create lifelike pictures. He distorted space and broke things up into angular (7) ... This style became known as Cubism.

At the beginning of the 20th century in Germany there developed a style known as Expressionism. Expressionist artists use exaggerated shapes and (8) ... to try to convey feelings, as in the works of Edward Munch.

Abstract art became popular in the 20th century. It doesn't mirror real people or things, but is an (9) … of shapes and colors.

II. Complete the text with the appropriate participle forms of the verbs from the box.

see, crawl, be tired, try, dress up, find, whisper, lose, check, feel, cry, draw, push, be

An Actor in a Zoo

One day an actor went to the zoo, and while (0) being there, he tried, (1) ... his job the day before, to earn some money as a street performer, (2) … his artistic skills at the same time.

A crowd, (3) ... by his performance, started to gather around him. (4) … that, a zoo manager invited him into his office. The actor was offered a job to take the place of their lost gorilla.

The next day, (5)... as a gorilla, he was entertaining visitors, (6) ... to catch a glimpse of his show.

After a while, the crowd, (7) ... of his jokes, turned to the tiger's cage, next to his own. (8)... envious, he began teasing the tiger. The tiger, absolutely furious, grabbed him. (9) ... himself in a tiger's cage he had forgotten his role, (10) ... for help, and (11) ... towards the gate.

Suddenly, (12) ... onto his back, he saw the tiger above him, (13) ... "Keep quiet! Do you want us to lose our jobs?"

III. Comment on the quotations. Say which of them you agree or disagree and why.

1. “Art does not exist only to entertain, but also to challenge one to think, to provoke, even to disturb, in a constant search for truth”.

2. “A picture is a poem without words”.

3. “A good painting to me has always been like a friend. It keeps me company, comforts and inspires” (Hedy Lamarr).

4. “All art is but imitation of nature” (Seneka).

5. “Art is long and life is fleeting” (H. W Longfellow).

6. “Every artist dips his brush in his own soul, and paints his own nature into his pictures”. 

7. “Art is the only way to run away without leaving home”. 

8. “As the sun colors flowers, so does art colors life”. 

Topic 75. Development of Science. Scientific Discoveries of the 21-st Century.