- •Vocabulary
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- •Exercises
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- •Vastness of Marketplace and Real Estate Errors Stymie British Retailers
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- •In Search of Elusive Domestic Demand
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- •In the dumps
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- •In the Retailers’ Battle to Sell More
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- •Markets on the Make
- •In emerging economies, the current fashion for setting up a stock market is no substitute for genuine economic reform
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- •If you can’t beat’em, join ‘em
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- •Derivatives
- •A Distracting Side Show
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- •Derivatives: Alive, But Oh So Boring
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- •It’s Simple: Make Fund Managers Spell Out the Risks
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- •Is the Fed Mostly Smoke and Mirrors?
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- •Important Things
Vocabulary
derivative – дериват (дериватив) – производный финансовый иснструмент: option – опцион: разновидность срочной сделки; контракт, который дает право, но не обязательство купить или продать товар или финансовый иснтрумент в течение какого-то срока по оговоренной цене; futures – фьючерсы: обязательство купить или продать стандартное число финансовых инструментов или количество товара по цене, согласованной между сторонами сделки в свободном торге на срочной бирже; swap – своп, обмен: операция по обмену обязательствами или активами для улучшения их структуры по срокам или качеству, снижения рисков и издержек, получения прибыли; derivative dealer – компания или физическое лицо, совершающее сделки с производными финансовыми инструментами
stock index futures – фондовые индексные фьючерсы: фьючерские контракты на основе фондовых индексов
futures market (exchange) – фьючерский рынок : срочная товарная или финансовая биржа, торговля на которой ведется на основе стандартных контрактов
return on capital (ROC) – доходность капитала: денежные выплаты акционерам
cost of capital – стоимость капитала
to raise capital – привлечь, мобилизовать капитал
the fundamentals – объективные факторы, формирующие конъюнктуру рынка
an underlying asset (security) – актив (ценная бумага), лежащий в основе: актив (ценная бумага) в основе опционного контракта , т.е. то, что будет поставлено в случае исполнения контракта
Assignment
Answer the questions:
Why is there no unanimous attitude to derivatives?
Is there any likelihood that futures exchanges will be closed?
Derivatives: Alive, But Oh So Boring
Yesterday’s shooting stars are today’s low-margin mules
The last decade has not been kind to American commercial banks’ product lines, which have come under fierce attack by competitors. As a response, during the late 1980s, a few of the most venturesome banks perfected a shiny new product with a wondrous profit margin: the derivative. Soon, many investors and corporations were using them for hedging risks and betting on interest rates and currencies. Dozens of other banks rushed in, and the number of derivatives dealers mushroomed between 1988 and the end of 1993.
Now, though, the once wondrous margins are shrinking fast. A slew of multi-million dollar hits taken by American corporations and institutional investors has caused many users to run for cover. Demand for the most exotic derivatives contracts – those that are most lucrative for dealers but often carry the most risks – has plummeted. Many users now limit themselves to the safest derivatives, those least profitable for dealers. “The only thing people are buying these days is Chevys,” says Bruce.L.Campbell, associate director of corporate derivatives marketing at Fuji Bank &Trust Co. ”They don’t even want to see a Maserati in the showroom window.”
Still Handy. Derivatives will not go away. Too many corporations and investors view them as useful, indeed critical, risk-management tools, and experts expect derivatives activity to continue to expand at a healthy pace. But they agree that the days of outrageous profitability for dealers are over. With corporations and investors still licking their wounds, traffic in the most complex derivatives will likely stay slow for some time. “The structured-note market will continue to exist,” says John K. Darr, finance director of the US Federal Home Loan Bank system, referring to the intricately structured instruments that are a big part of the complex derivatives market. “But it may be somewhat smaller than it was.”
Moreover, with the proliferation of the derivatives dealers, it will be difficult if not impossible for the preeminent ones to retain a lock on the market, especially for complex, exotic derivatives. Inevitably, as profit margins shrink, making money in derivatives will depend more on volume than spreads – just as in dozens of other bank businesses.
In the halcyon days of the market derivatives were a dealer’s best friend. Citibank and, later, Banker’s Trust and J.P. Morgan were the dominant U.S. banks in the business and produced huge returns. As more complex derivatives were developed, banks with the product know-how could book a return on equity in excess of 100% on some of the more exotic derivatives.
The slump is literally scaring some dealers away. “The whole idea of leverage (and exotic derivatives) for many investors is out,” says Heinz Binggeli, managing director of Emcor Risk Management Consulting. “We’re getting back to prudent hedging rather than yield enhancement.”
By Kelley Holland in New York
Notes
Chevy (от Chevrolet) - очень популярный вид сокращения слов в американском английском языке: Boggy (Humphrey Bogart), Gorby (Gorbachev). Ссылка на предпочтение, которое американцы отдают надежной и известной марке автомобиля собственного производства перед дорогостоящей иностранной моделью. Сравнивается ситуация с производными ценными бумагами.
structured note – структурированная краткосрочная ценная бумага
to retain a lock on the market – сохранить контроль над рынком
US Home Loan Bank system (FHLB) – федеральная система банков жилищного кредита (США)
a one-trick pony – цирковое животное, которое выступает только с одним номером. Эта метафора означает, что в основном деятельность Bankers Trust строилась вокруг деривативов.
to change one’s stripes – to change one’s policy cardinally
leverage – средства повышения доходности или стоимости инвестиций без увеличения суммы инвестиций (например, покупка опционов)
spread – «спред» :1) разница между курсами, ценами, ставками
2)одновременная покупка фьючерсного контракта на одинаковый финансовый инструмент с поставкой в разные сроки или на разных рынках
