5.4. For (preposition and conjunction)

For – грамматический омоним. Наряду с его употреблением в качестве предлога (см. комментарий 1.4), который отличается большой многозначностью, for является союзом и вводит части сложных предложений или самостоятельные предложения. Он соответствует в переводе русским союзам «так как», «потому что», «ибо», например: I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. – Я пригласила ее остаться (у нас) на чай, так как я должна была кое-что ей сообщить.

Примеры:

(1) Aunt Ann did not ask him to explain this strange utterance. She knew what he was thinking. If Irene had no money she would not be so foolish as to do anything wrong: for they said – they said – she had been asking for a separate room... (Gals.)

Тетя Энн не попросила разъяснить это странное заявление. Она поняла мысль брата. Если у Ирэн нет своих средств, значит, она не наделает ошибок; потому что ходили слухи... ходили слухи, будто она просит отдельную комнату... (Лорие)

(2) But, afraid of losing the expansion of his chest, he leaned back again into a state of immobility, for he prized nothing so highly as a distinguished appearance. (Gals.)

Но вспомнив, что в таком положении его грудь кажется не столь широкой, Суизин откинулся назад и замер в неподвижности, ибо он ничто так не ценил, как внушительную внешность. (Лорие)

(3) I never did rightly see George, but his sulking presence was everywhere. For George is an old gray cat who has accumulated a hatred of people and things so intense... (Stein.)

Мне так и не удалось разглядеть Джорджа как следует, но присутствие этого мрачного существа чувствовалось повсюду. Ибо Джордж – это старый седой кот, в котором накопилось столько ненависти ко всему живому и неживому... (Волж.)

Exercise 5.4. For (preposition and conjunction)

Translate into Russian paying attention to the equivalents of for.

1. In order to have the right to play it was necessary for him to keep up in his studies, a very difficult matter, for while he was not dumber than an ox he was not any smarter. (Thurber)

2. This was the worst season of the year for car travel among the precipitous mountains. For days it had rained; now snow was falling. (Denis)

3. His mother, he knew, lived each day in an agony of fear for him, a gnawing pain that she had suffered and concealed for nearly two years now. (Shute)

4. As Мог looked at him now, at his suspicious and sideways-turning face, he felt a deep sadness that he was not able to express his love for his son... (Murdoch)

5. These two missionaries were shocked at the news; for they had a genuine love and respect for the natives and the natives loved them in return. (Denis)

6. As I say, there is no need for Caroline to go out to get information. She sits at home and it comes to her. (Christie)

7. "She died of an overdose of veronal. She's been taking it lately for sleeplessness. Must have taken too much." (Christie)

8. "...If it's not all in there within thirty seconds I shall... I shall..."

Mr Curry paused for breath, suddenly at a loss for words. (Bond)

9. Clelia said this with a certain violence, and Clara's attention quickened, for she thought she was about to witness the emergence of one of the buried conflicts of which she had heard so much. (Drabble)

10. "Shall we help you?" said Mother May. "You see we always eat picnic fashion here, for simplicity. Everything is on the table, in these bowls. Or would you rather help yourself?" (Murdoch)

11. His mother died when he was two... His father was a stern, preoccupied lawyer, who gave him little attention and expected great things of him. For all his brightness he found life grey and dull, I think. (Wells)

5.5. Say

Глагол say – многозначный и имеет ряд соответствий в русском языке, в частности: 1) говорить, сказать: "Thank you," he said – «Спасибо», – сказал он; 2) (обыкн. безл.) говорить, утверждать (что, якобы), сообщать: it is said in the newspapers that the spaceship has landed safely – в газетах сообщают, что космический корабль благополучно приземлился; 3) гласить, говориться: the letter says they are not coming, after all – в письме говорится, что они все-таки не приедут; 4) иметь или высказывать мнение, считать, полагать: what I say is – по-моему, по моему мнению, я считаю, мне кажется. Особый интерес представляет перевод глагола say в случае его употребления с прямой речью, поскольку часто возникает необходимость его конкретизировать, при этом выбор русского глагола определяется как содержанием высказывания в прямой речи, так и ситуацией общения. Среди контекстуальных соответствий глагола say в русских переводах можно назвать глаголы: спрашивать, отвечать, (про)молвить, добавлять, заявлять, возражать, велеть, подтверждать и т. п.

Примеры:

(1) "We win, or what?" he said.

"Nobody won," I said. Without looking up, though. (Sal.)

– Кто победил – мы или не мы? – спрашивает.

– Никто не победил, – говорю, а сам не поднимаю головы. (Р.-К.)

(2) "He's got this goddam superior attitude all the time," Ackley said. (Sal.)

– Задирает нос все время, – повторил Экли. (Р.-К.)

(3) "This car," Val said suddenly, "wants rousing; she doesn't get her hind legs under her uphill." (Gals.)

– Машина явно просит кнута, – заметил вдруг Вэл, – на подъеме не желает подбирать под себя задние ноги. (Лорие)

(4) То her right the candlestick-maker uttered a hoarse: " 'Ear! 'ear!" " 'Ush!" said the tall policeman. (Gals.)

Справа от Динни «пекарь-пирожник» хрипло выкрикнул:

– Правильно!

– Тс-с! – одернул его высокий полицейский. (Гол.)

Exercise 5.5. Say (verb)

Use various more specific words to trans/ate the verb say.

1. "I suppose she knows something of what it's all about, does she?"

"Apparently not," said Mr Broadribb.

"I wish we did," said Mr Schuster. "He was an odd cuss."

"A difficult man," said Mr Broadribb".

"I haven't got the least idea," said Mr Schuster, "have you?" "No, I haven't," said Mr Broadribb. He added, "He didn't want me to have, I suppose." (Christie)

2. It was remarkable how quickly the family had reconstituted itself in the face of a threat to property.

"I do agree with Isabel that she has a will of her own," I said. "But she'll do nothing inconsiderate. I do think it possible she'll insist on ignoring the will."

"After all, it is a bit odd," said Otto.

"I see nothing odd about it," said Isabel. "I don't mean she'll turn us out of the house immediately. Oh no, she'll be very reasonable and kind, but she'll treat us as strangers. She hasn't any family sentiment about us."

"She must have," I said. "She practically brought us up, Otto and me." (Murdoch)

3. Prince Charles yesterday accused "shadowy education experts" of betraying generations of British youngsters. In an impassioned attack, he said they were robbing children of their rich cultural heritage, particularly Shakespeare.

4. In Belfast, the Prime Minister said huge progress had been made towards turning a ceasefire into a permanent peace. He said much more progress could be made next year.

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