2. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the etymology of the word “restaurant”?

2. In what sense was the French Revolution responsible for the spread of restaurants in the world?

3. What was characteristic of traditional British and American cooking?

4. What country was least influenced by French culinary traditions?

5. What trends does a restaurant fulfill?

6. What is meant by “positioning”?

7. How do the marketers find out the size of the catchment area of a restaurant?

8. How is the potential viability of a restaurant calculated?

9. What is the reason for the high failure rate of restaurants in the USA?

10. When has a restaurant a competitive advantage?

3. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box. Each word should be used no more than once. You won’t need to use them all.

applicants catering chain customers CV expenses loss management profit property qualifications refurbishment staff suppliers

Running your own restaurant

I’ve always enjoyed cookery, so when I was made redundant by the retailer that I worked for, I decided to change to the 1) ………… industry. I successfully worked towards several 2) ………… in Food Preparation, then gained experience by preparing food for parties and weddings.

Eventually, Daniel and I decided to set up our own small restaurant. We purchased a small 3) …………, which had previously been a bank, and carried out a complete 4) ………….

There were plenty to do before we opened. For instance, we had to decide on the number of 5) ………… we needed, and then advertise, interview the 6) ………… who are shortlisted, appoint the people we thought were best, and provide training. It also took a long time to choose 7) ………… who could provide the type of food we wanted, at a price we could afford.

So far the restaurant has been fairly successful. We’re very pleased with the numbers of 8) ………… we’re getting and we’ve even started to make a 9) …………. Our long-term plan now is to open a whole 10) ………… of restaurants.

4. For questions 1 – 15, read the text below and decide which word a, b, c or d best fits each space.

Tourism can have both a positive and a negative effect 1) ……… an area, although in many cases only the positive effect will be obvious. In rural areas, the onset of tourism may have dramatic effects upon the local community, creating new jobs and providing a flow of cash which most 2) ……… will be happy to have advantage 3) ………. However, the disadvantages of tourism can be 4) ……… dramatic, with towns 5) ……… their character and becoming overdeveloped and crowded, as well as more 6) ……….

On a larger scale, tourism can be very beneficial 7) ……… developing countries. If tourists spend money it means that the country can improve living 8) ……… for its citizens, as well as create new jobs. Tourists are 9) ……… the way other people live, and leave feeling better informed about a different 10) ……… of life that they otherwise might not have had the chance to see. Perhaps the most popular type of tourism is going 11) ……… to a warm, sunny place and lying on a beach for two weeks. People taking this kind of holiday 12) ……… have no interest in the culture of the place they are visiting and, as a(n) 13) ………, it becomes almost like a “home from home”. Restaurants cook tourists their native food 14) ……… of local specialties, and tourists mix together rather than with locals. This can 15) ……… any character the area may have, and the area may lose part of its valuable culture forever.

1 A for B on C about D of

2 A tenants B occupants C lodgers D inhabitanta

3 A for B in C of D off

4 A impossibly B equally C hardly D differently

5 A losing B missing C finding D improving

6 A priceless B valuable C cheap D expensive

7 A from B in C at D to

8 A manners B areas C conditions D facts

9 A shown B given C offered D seen

10 A attitude B way C face D hint

11 A far B through C forward D away

12 A hardly B usually C nearly D never

13 A result B effect C reason D affect

14 A in spite B instead C in case D apart

15 A create B hurt C destroy D break

Practice 4.