Grammar review

Reported Questions

Transfer these sentences into Reported speech.

1. Mandy, "Are you speaking to the finance director?"

2. Jason, "Who gave you the partner’s telephone number?"

3. Daniel, "Do you think the rate of exchange will rise tomorrow?"

4. Client, "Where is your office?"

5. Bank manager, "How much do you want to borrow?"

6. Barbara, "Must we hold the meeting this week?"

7. Linda, "Did John credit that money to your account two weeks ago?"

Read the joke. Retell the story using Reported speech.

There once was a business owner who was interviewing people for a division manager position. He decided to select the individual that could answer the question "how much is 2+2?"

The engineer pulled out his slide rule and shuffled it back and forth, and finally announced, "It lies between 3.98 and 4.02".

The mathematician said, "In two hours I can demonstrate it equals 4 with the following short proof."

The physicist declared, "It's in the magnitude of 1x10¹."

The logician paused for a long while and then said, "This problem is solvable."

The social worker said, "I don't know the answer, but I am glad that we discussed this important question.”

The attorney stated, "In the case of Svenson vs. the State, 2+2 was declared to be 4."

The trader asked, "Are you buying or selling?"

The accountant looked at the business owner, then got out of his chair, went to see if anyone was listening at the door and pulled the drapes. Then he returned to the business owner, leaned across the desk and said in a low voice, "What would you like it to be?"

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Words and expressions to remember

7.4

1. Language check

Look at the words in the box. Do they mean the same in Russian?

2. Read the text. Check you know the words in bold type which may be helpful for understanding in the dictionary supplemented. The future of accounting

Last years were a major watershed in the history of the profession. Major corporate scandals rocked the world. Great bankruptcies were notorious because they had been reporting profits instead of losses.

How can you play the game if you don’t know the score? Worse, what if the scorekeeping is misleading? These were the significant questions that society has to face.

The bankruptcies were caused by liabilities that were not reported on the balance sheets of these companies. They were termed “off-balance sheet liabilities”. Something had to be done.

For several decades now, the primary criticism directed against rules-makers. The complaint has been that there are too many standards. Accounting rules have become too nit-picky and costly to implement. The quality of financial statements is only marginally enhanced by new rules. – Thus the criticism.

The government is going to have more of a role in promulgating accounting rules in the future. This is not a good thing. The Code remains complicated, invasive, and contradictory.

Another trend of recent decades has been the concentration of public accounting. The future of this trend is unclear. Elitism and the “good old boy/girl networks” will push the trend in the direction of concentration. The Internet pushes it in the opposite direction.

Today the accountant can operate on a truly global scale. Next day air, long distance telephones, video conferencing, faxes, and e-mail can partially offset the lack of a local presence. Customers who are smart will value reliability and personal attention over corporate bigness in their accountants. Computer software is reaching the limits of their potential. This may seem like you are really sticking our necks out on this one.

The small businesses packages will acquire the more of the features of the big, expensive packages. However, bookkeepers must still use judgment on the treatment of transactions. That means that accountants must still manipulate the data in accounting programs. Internet banking is increasingly taking over the data entry function. That only can cover deposits and checks. Other business transactions still have to be entered in by hand.

Many public accounting firms are turning to consulting as their revenue generators of the future. Many predict the demise of the staples of public accounting – write up work and tax return preparation. Unfortunately for the public but fortunately for the accountants, increasing complexity of accounting rules and tax laws will increase demand for public accountant’s help.

Last, accountants are going to be increasingly affected by the trends towards the paperless office. Already, tax returns can be filed on disk along with workbooks. Source documents can be scanned into such programs as Adobe Acrobat and saved on disk with the tax return file.

For all the glitz about equipment, rules, and globalization, accounting still depends on human beings. The age old qualities of reliability, caring, and honesty will remain the basis of the profession.