Vocabulary

1. Read the following.

Although it seems almost counterintuitive to use water, and warm water at that, to cool the inside of an electronic device, IBM’s work highlights a trend to use liquid cooling in devices other than mainframes.

*The transistors inside a computer’s microprocessors can be as small as 45 nanometers – roughly five times the thickness of a cell membrane – making it difficult to control the electric currents that leak. Microprocessors can dissipate anywhere from 100 watts to several hundred watts each out of this transistors. Such leakage can consume more power than the actual computational process.

The IBM executive acknowledges that cooler processors are able to run faster and last longer, but he points out that the challenge he and his colleagues are looking to address at this stage is a way to cut electricity consumption.*

1. Think of the best way to translate the words and word combinations in bold.

2. Write the translation of the part, marked with the asterisks(*).

3. Translate the following sentences.

1. Opening up the inside of a material for storage, rather than just using its surface, yields huge improvements in capacity.

2. A different type of supernova — the thermonuclear explosion of a star triggered by accretion, rather than by gravitational collapse — would still take place.

3. It could operate on pairs of lists of numbers rather than on mere pairs of numbers.

4. That is, rather than labeling species as more or less tit. one can describe how many offspring they are likely to leave under given circumstances.

5. The historical nature of macroevolutionary study involves inference from fossils and DNA rather than direct observation.

4. Make phrases and write sentences with the resultant word combinations.

Rather than increase by n% …

decrease by a factor of n …

fall n-fold…

rise n-times…

1. Assuring adequate security in cyberspace is one of the most challenging problems we face as we try to leverage the Internet’s power to increase productivity and provide competitive advantage.

2. Today, for example, voice-recognition programs can identify words quite well, but a far greater challenge will be building machines that can understand what those words mean in context.

3. That claim was challenged by Henry Markram, who announced in 2009: “It is not impossible to build a human brain and we can do it in 10 years”

4. The long-term challenge is dealing with the actinides, materials created when uranium absorbs a neutron but refuses to split apart.

5. Read the paragraph.

Growth in information technology is particularly rapid: we're doubling its power, as measured by price-performance, bandwidth, capacity and many other measures, every year or so. That's a factor of a thousand in 10 years, a million in 20 years, and a billion in 30 years, although a slow, second level of exponential growth means that a billion-fold improvement takes only about a quarter of a century.

6. Write 3 sentences with the word combination a factor of.

7. Look up in a dictionary the meaning.

1. Like:

а) as a verb,

b) as an adjective.