- •Модуль 6 Advances in Space Research
- •Intensive Reading/ Active Vocabulary
- •Speaking 4
- •Grammar Focus (Modal Verbs) The Modal Verb Can/Could and its equivalent be able
- •The Modal Verb May/Might and its equivalents be allowed, be permitted
- •The Modal Verb Must and its equivalents have to, be to
- •The Modal Verbs Should and Ought to
- •The Modal Verb Need (as a modal verb is mostly used in the negative form)
- •Creating Materials in a Weightless Environment
- •Reading Comprehension/ Vocabulary
- •Phrases/Word formation
- •Listening Comprehension
- •Listening Comprehension
- •Speaking
- •Grammar Revision (Modal Verbs)
- •Speaking
Speaking 4
Ex. 7 Speak on the phenomenon of gravity in accordance with your headings (see ex.2) or make your mind map.
Grammar Focus (Modal Verbs) The Modal Verb Can/Could and its equivalent be able
Forms of the modal verb |
Meaning |
Ways of rendering in Russian |
Some other ways of expressing the same meaning (equivalents) |
Sentence patterns |
can (can`t); could (couldn`t) |
ability, capability |
может мог, могли |
be able to was (were) able to |
Can she swim well? She is able to speak German. He couldn`t feel or hear anything. |
can; could |
a) permission
b) request
c) prohibition
|
можешь, можете
не могу ли я, не могли бы вы нельзя |
be allowed to be permitted to may might
may might not be allowed to may not must not (mustn`t)
|
You can park here after 6.30 p.m. My brother is allowed to borrow my brother`s car.
Can I open the window? You are not allowed take photos during the performance. |
can
could |
general possibility present/future possibility |
могу, может,
могу, может
|
may might |
It`s hot in summer, but it can be freezing in winter. Of course, I could be wrong. |
can`t couldn`t |
improbability |
не может быть, чтобы невероятно, чтобы |
It`s impossible that…
|
He can`t be in hospital now. Only yesterday he was quite sound. |
The Modal Verb May/Might and its equivalents be allowed, be permitted
Forms of the modal verb |
Meaning |
Ways of rendering in Russian |
Some other ways of expressing the same meaning |
Sentence patterns |
May Might
May not |
a) permission
b) request
c) prohibition
|
можешь, можете, разрешается
можно, может
нельзя, ни в коем случае |
be allowed to be permitted to can could
not be allowed to can`t mustn`t |
May I speak to you for a moment? Mother said you might take some oranges. Cyclists are allowed to use this path.
May I spend the week-end with you?
He may not phone this weekend. Dogs are not allowed.
|
May Might
|
present/future possibility, probability |
возможно, может быть
|
can could it’s possible, maybe |
There may be storm later. We might see you later. |