Speaking

Ex. 4 Discoveries:

Students A strongly believe discoveries in space are very important;

Students B strongly believe they are not. Change partners again and talk about your conversations. Use the following phrases:

Space research is a waste of money. vs. Space research is money well spent.

Ex. 5 Read the title and subheading of the magazine article:

Over 18,300 apply for 14 astronaut jobs (22nd February, 2016) A record number of people have applied to NASA to be part of its astronaut training program. NASA said it received over 18,300 applications for just 14 jobs. Human resources officials at NASA will now spend the next 18 months looking at the applications to select the best ones. It plans to announce the successful applicants in the middle of 2017.

What do you think trainee astronauts have to do? Complete this table with your partner(s).

	What they have to do
Food
Exercise
Study
Internet
Health
New skills

Lesson 4. Objectives –to revise/summarize grammar of the Module, to encourage students to speak on the topics of the Module .

Grammar Revision (Modal Verbs)

Ex. 1. Complete the sentences with the modal verbs in the box (some modal verbs can be used more than once)

can/cannot could may might must should ought to need be able

1. Gravity has an infinite range, although its effects _____ become increasingly weaker on farther objects.

2. Materials-science experiments on the space station _______ allow researchers to study processes that are important in the formation of alloys, ceramics, and other materials.

3. Complexity in the Universe __________be explained by Gravity.

4. Although the Kristall module failed to create absolutely pure chips, they were purer than those they ___________create within Earth's gravitational field.

5. You _____________see the gravitational waves with your eyes.

6. It was Einstein who said these gravitational waves __________ be observable.

7. Improvements in properties of materials in weightlessness __________ lead to the development of valuable drugs, high-strength, temperature-resistant ceramics and alloys and faster computer chips.

8. One _________ know that we`ll ________ a lot of specialists who will ________ to work and live in space for a long time.

9. It ____________ be hard to understand, but those gravitational waves expand and contract space and time as they move through space.

10. Astronauts __________ learn skills such as spacewalking, teamwork and operating spacecraft systems.

Ex. 2 Translate into English.

1. Производство новых сверхпроводящих и композитных материалов в космосе может открыть перед учеными и инженерами новые возможности. 2. Благодаря невесомости они смогут развить новые свойства таких материалов. 3. Но космические системы должны обладать условиями глубокого вакуума и достаточно низкими температурами для производства таких материалов. 4. Новые материалы, возможно, найдут широкое применение в космических термоядерных энергетических установках (thermonuclear propulsion systems). 5. И в будущем нам больше не нужно будет (не придется) доставлять топливо в космос. 6. Космонавтам нужно обладать широкими знаниями в разных областях науки, чтобы реализовать такие проекты. 7. Сегодня никто еще не может ответить на вопрос: “Когда мы сможем наладить (set up) космическое производство?”

Ex. 3 Make questions (?) or negatives (-).

1. In the nearest future China will be able to become the leader in space exploration. (-)

2. We will have to live in space one day. (?)

3. The astronaut profession is considered to be one of the riskiest in the world. (?)

4. Living in space would be crazy. (-)

5. Engineers could carry out complex tasks to apply new technologies. (? What….)

6. Special spacesuits must be used by astronauts for working in outer space. (-)

7. In accordance with the space programme cosmonauts are to study the properties of materials in space. (?)

8. Astronauts can use hot water to make hot meals that are tasty and nutritious. (?Who…)