2.Makeapresentationonadvancesinthesphereofself-repairingmaterials.

UNITFIVEГЕРУНДИАЛЬНЫЕОБОРОТЫ

Подгерундиальнымоборотомпонимаетсясочетаниегерундияспритяжательнымместоимениемилисуществительнымвпритяжательномпадеже.Онипредставляютсобойэквивалентыпридаточныхпредложенийивбольшинствеслучаевпереводятсяпридаточнымипредложениями,соответствующимисинтаксическойролигерундиявпредложении.

YourtakingupEnglishassupplementaryeducationwilldoyoualotofgood.То,чтовывыбралианглийскийвкачестведополнительногообразованияоченьвампригодится.

Hisbeingsuchaneasy-goingpersonmademystayingathisplaceevenmore

comfortable.То,чтоонбылтакимобщительным,сделаломоепребываниевегодомеещеболееприятным.

Practice

1. TranslateintoRussianpayingattentiontotheGerundialConstructions.

1. Ican’texcusehernotansweringoutinvitation.

2. Youmustpardonmynotgettingup.

3. WouldyoumindJane’spracticingintheroomnexttoyours?

4. Ican’tbearhimwhistlingwhileIamtryingtoconcentrate.

5. Ireallymissyourbringingmebreakfastinbed.

6. Fancyyourmeetingaghost!

2. SkimthearticletofindthesentenceswiththeGerundandGerundialConstructions.TranslatethemintoRussian. Howthealchemistsusedsmartmaterialsscience

IntheirtirelessquestforthePhilosopher'sStone,alchemistsreliedoncruciblesthathaveonlyjustyieldedtheirsecretstoscientists. Usingthe21stcenturytechnology,

scientistshavecrackedthesecretrecipeusedcenturiesagoincreatingextraordinarilytoughcruciblesthatenabledalchemiststodocleverchemistryandpursuethePhilosopher'sStone,thesecretofturningbasemetalsinto

goldandofimmortality.

SincetheMiddleAges,mixingvessels-orcrucibles-manufacturedintheHesseregionofGermanyhavebeenworldrenownedbecauseoftheirabilitytowithstandstrongreagentsandhightemperatures.Alchemistsandmetallurgistsdidmakecrucibles,buttheywereneverasgoodastheHessianones,whichhadtobeimportedwhenconductingimportant,challengingchemicalreactions.

TheresearchersrevealedusingarangeofmodernanalyticaltechniquesthatHessiancruciblemakershadunwittinglycreatedanadvancedceramicmaterialonlyproperlyidentifiedandnamedinthe20thcentury.Theanalysisof50Hessianandnon-Hessiancruciblesrevealedthatthesecretcomponentintheirmanufactureisanaluminiumsilicateknownasmullite(Al6Si2O13).

Todaymulliteisusedinawiderangeofmodernconventionalandadvancedceramics,suchasbuildingmaterials,electronicpackagingdevices,opticalmaterialsandcatalyticconverters,aswellasinceramicmatrixcompositessuchasthermalprotectionsystemsandlinersforaircraftandstationarygasturbineengines.

Hessiancruciblemakers’takingadvantageofthispeculiaraluminiumsilicate400yearsearlier,thismaterialwasonlyfirstdescribedinthe20thcentury.They

synthesisedmullitebymanufacturingtheircrucibleswithkaoliniticclay(producedbythechemicalweatheringofaluminiumsilicatemineralssuchasfeldspars)andthenfiringthemattemperaturesabove1100degrees.Cruciblemakers’notbeingawareofmullite,theymasteredaverysuccessfulrecipe,andthat'swhytheykeptitconstant,andsecret,forcenturies.

SincetheRenaissance,alchemistsandassayersusedincreasinglyhightemperaturesandstrongerreagentsintheirchemistry,inordertopurifymetalsandminerals-and,insomecases,hopingtoreducethemtotheirquintessence,asabasicstepintheproductionofthePhilosopher'sStone.

Withnormalceramicvessels,theextremeheatandaggressivechemicalswouldattackthecrucibleitself,andoftenleadtocracks,leakage,orthevesselitselfmeltingdown-whichyouwouldn'twanttohappenwithanymetals,butespeciallyifyouareworkingwithnoblemetalsorthephilosopher'sstone.

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