Independent Front Suspension System(Unit 6)

To overcome disadvantages associated with the rigid-beam-axle suspension, independent front suspension (IFS) is used. The term independent suspension describes any system that connects the wheels to the frame in which the movement of one wheel has no effect on the other wheel. The advantages and disadvantages of adopting independent front suspension for pas­senger cars and light vans include the following: Advantages.  (a) The centrifugal force is created in sprung vehicle bodies when cornering forms a roll couple that tilts or rolls the body outwards. The body roll is encountered by a resisting couple, produced by the product of the springs’ reaction forces and effective distance between them. Therefore, the necessary reaction stiffness of the spring to resist the roll couple increases or decreases as the effective distance between the springs decreases or increases respectively. In fact the roll angle is inversely proportional to the square of the effective spring-base width.

http://what-when-how.com/automobile/independent-front-suspension-system-automobile/ (дата обращения 25.12.2013)

2. Presenting a Paper

To make your presentation clear and easy to understand you must remember that:

1. A presentation is NOT a report, read aloud.

2. A presentation CAN NOT be delivered as a written report. You should speak slowly and clearly.

3. BEFORE introducing new information give the listener time to anticipate what kind of information is coming.

4. Make a list of the most important topics and things you have to say and arrange them logically.

5. Make a list of minor, but interesting points.

6. Arrange the information into a logical sequence.

7. Use links between the points (issues) and have a beginning and an end.

The following phrases can be used at different stages within your presentation:

In the introduction to the topic

To begin with, let’s consider…

During this short talk I’m going to…

This morning I’m going to... (talk about…)

Today I’d like to… (describe…)

The aim of my report is to... (explain…)

I’ve divided my report into... (three parts)

First, I’d like to... (give you a review of the project) ... Then I’ll focus on...

After that we’ll deal with... (the technical aspects)...

Finally, we’ll consider... (what new skills will be needed)

In introducing each section

So, let’s start with... (the objectives...)

Now let’s move on to... (the next part...)

It is worth mentioning the fact that...

Let us have a closer look at...

I can tell you without any exaggeration...

Finally... (let’s consider...)

In response to a question:

I wish I could agree with you but...

I think, you are entirely right...

I would object just a little...

I’d rather not answer that, if you don’t mind...

Referring to information

I will not go into details...

This diagram shows...

If you look at this graph you can see...

I’d like to draw your attention to...

I’d like to emphasize the fact that...

I have doubts about...

Summarizing a section or the whole report

In conclusion let me...

So, to summarize the main idea of my report...

In closing (conclusion), I’d like to mention very briefly...

That brings me to the end of my report...

I’d like to express my gratitude to...

Are there any questions?

Exercise 1.Give the English equivalents of these phrases:

1. Тема моего сообщения...

2. В докладе я затрону следующие вопросы...

3. Цель моего сообщения — сделать обзор...

4. Мне интересна эта тема, так как...

5. Сначала я хотел бы дать общее описание...

6. Я хочу подчеркнуть тот факт, что...

7. Я хочу обратить ваше внимание на чертеж...

8. Позвольте дать пояснения...

9. С одной стороны..., с другой стороны...

10. Это, в частности, справедливо для...

Exercise 2. With the list below distribute the speech patterns to the appropriate columns:

In closing, I’d like to mention very briefly...

I can tell you without any exaggeration...

First of all, I would like to...

It should be pointed out that...

In conclusion, let me say...

I’d like to emphasize the fact that...

Finally, I’d like to say a few words about...

The object of this paper is to...

I am pleased to have this opportunity to...

The subject that I’ll discuss is...

Let us have a closer look at...

It is worth mentioning the fact that...

Let me begin with...

The last part of my talk will be devoted to...

I end this report with a description of...

Introductory patterns	Patterns for the body of report	Closing speech patterns