- •What is law? что такое право?
- •It is the spirit and not the form of law that keeps justice alive.
- •International Law
- •The Road Traffic Act and Speed Cameras
- •Violence
- •How serious is a crime?
- •Description
- •If you have any information concerning this person, please contact your local fbi office or the nearest u.S. Embassy or consulate.
- •Description
- •Caution
- •If you have any information concerning this person, please contact your local fbi office or the nearest american embassy or consulate.
- •Caution
- •Considered armed and extremely dangerous
- •Fingerprint evidence is used to solve a British murder case
- •Dna evidence as evidence in criminal trials in England and Wales
- •These are all little known facts about the system dealing with inmates, prisons and the law in the usa
- •Anti-corruption in russia
- •If poverty is the mother of crimes, want of sense is the father.
- •I'm proud of the fact that I never invented weapons to kill.
- •Право в разных частях мира
- •The separation of powers
- •The Supremacy of Parliament
- •The rule of law
- •Albert Venn Dicey
- •Introduction
- •Is it true that sometimes jurors are not allowed to go home until after the trial is over? Is this common?
- •Is possible to report for jury service but not sit on a jury?
- •Simpson and attorneys (Bailey (left) and Cochran (right)) react to verdict
- •If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable.
- •Inadmissible under article 6(3)(a) and (b)
- •Однако в данном деле было два отличия.
- •Reasonably assumed
- •Treatment in question
- •Дополнительные тексты
- •Unit 3. Notary public
- •Scotland
- •Interesting facts from the history of notaries public
- •Fiction Crime Stories Отрывки из художественной литературы
- •If tomorrow comes
- •Introduction 3
Unit 3. Notary public
Useful Words and Expressions for Speech Practice |
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notary public |
нотариус |
to notarize |
заверять, засвидетельствовать нотариально |
to administer an oath to smb. |
приводить кого-либо к присяге |
statutory declaration |
письменное показание под присягой |
to authenticate |
заверять, свидетельствовать, подтверждать, удостоверять устанавливать подлинность |
authentication |
идентификация, опознание, отождествление |
office |
пост, должность, служба; долг, обязанность, функция |
officer |
чиновник, должностное лицо; служащий |
officially record |
официально записывать, регистрировать; заносить в список, в протокол; оформлять как документ (какие-либо факты и т.п.) |
legal effect |
правовые последствия; юридическая сила |
apprentice |
новичок; начинающий; подмастерье, ученик |
apprenticeship |
обучение, учение, ученичество; срок учения, период обучения |
to commission to |
назначать на должность; уполномочивать (в юридическом и общеязыковом смысле) |
to draw |
составлять, оформлять (документ); выписывать (чек, счет; to draw out, to draw up) |
to attest |
удостоверять; подтверждать; приводить к присяге |
to certify |
подтверждать, заверять, удостоверять; давать разрешение, давать право на что-либо |
deed |
документ (за подписью кого-либо); дело; запись; передавать по акту (тж. deed over to) |
will |
завещание |
testamentary document |
документ, содержащий завещательные распоряжения, завещательный документ |
conveyance |
передача собственности (особенно недвижимого имущества) от одного лица другому, документ о такой передаче |
real property |
недвижимость |
personal property |
индивидуальная / личная собственность |
public instrument |
общественно значимый документ; акт |
negotiable instrument |
оборотный кредитно-денежный документ |
Task 1. Study the text below, making sure you fully comprehend it. Where appropriate, consult English-Russian dictionaries and/or other reference & source books on law.
WHAT IS A NOTARY PUBLIC AT LARGE?
You may know that in the USA a notary public is an officer who can administer oaths and statutory declarations, witness and authenticate documents and perform certain other acts depending on the jurisdiction. Generally speaking, a notary public in the United States of America has powers that are far more limited than the role of a civil law notary in the rest of the world. There are far more notaries in the United States than in other countries. For the purposes of authentication, most countries require commercial or personal documents which originate from or signed in another country to be notarized before they can be used or officially recorded or before they can have any legal effect. This includes the translation of such documents done by an expert translator approved by a governmental entity.
In some countries and states, notaries are required to undergo specific training in the performance of their duties. Many must also first serve as an apprentice before being commissioned or licensed to practice their profession. In many countries even licensed lawyers (such as barristers or solicitors) must go through additional specialized notarial training and apprenticeship before being allowed to practice as a notary. A notary public commissioned in the United States of America is not an attorney-at —law unless also admitted to the bar. (Although some countries consider the profession of a civil law notary, itself, to be the practice of law, many even have institutes of higher education issuing degrees in the field. In the United Kingdom, for example, a notary public can perform any task a solicitor or other lawyer can perform, as part of their notary public duties, with the sole exception of representing others before the courts, unless they are also members of the bar or admitted as a solicitor.)
«Generally speaking, a notary may be described as an officer of the law whose public office and duty is to draw, attest or certify under his official seal deeds and other documents, including wills or other testamentary documents, conveyances of real and personal property and powers of attorney; to authenticate such documents under his signature and official seal in such a manner as to render them acceptable, as proof of the matters attested by him, to the judicial or other public authorities in the country where they are to be used, whether by means of issuing a notarial certificate as to the due execution of such documents or by drawing them in the form of public instruments; to keep a protocol containing originals of all instruments which he makes in the public form and to issue authentic copies of such instruments; to administer oaths and declarations for use in proceedings; to note or certify transactions relating to negotiable instruments, and to draw up protests or other formal papers relating to occurrences on the voyages of ships and their navigation as well as the carriage of cargo in ships».*
(Chapter 1 of the «Brooke's Notary» 12th edition)
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
How many definitions of a notary public are given in the text?
Which one is most exhaustive?
What are a notary's functions?
What kind of training should a notary public possess?
Task 2. Translate the following phrases into Russian:
you may know the texts are borrowed from who can administer oaths which originate from or signed in another country documents to be notarized |
by means of issuing a notarial certificate as to the due execution of such documents to keep a protocol containing originals of all instruments |
_______________________
*(The texts about notaries are borrowed from the materials published on the Internet by the Notary Public Association, a nonprofit professional organization, an authority for information on Notary laws, customs and practices.)
Task 3. Give Russian counterparts of the following English sentences:
Many must also first serve as an apprentice.
A notary may be described as an officer of the law.
Notaries are required to undergo specific training in the performance of their duties.
Some countries consider the profession of a civil law notary to be the practice of law.
But many even have institutes of higher education issuing degrees in the field.
Task 4. Match the English phrases with their Russian equivalents.
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Task 5. Give English counterparts of the following Russian sentences:
Нотариус в Америке — это должностное лицо, в обязанности которого входит не только удостоверять документы, но многое другое.
Однако он имеет намного более ограниченные полномочия, чем нотариусы гражданского права в других странах.
Перевод таких документов должен быть выполнен профессиональным переводчиком, имеющим аттестацию государственного учреждения.
Во многих странах даже имеющие лицензию адвокаты обязаны пройти дополнительную специальную подготовку и практику в области нотариальной деятельности, чтобы быть допущенными к работе в качестве нотариуса.
В Англии нотариус в рамках своей деятельности может выполнять любую работу стряпчего или иного адвоката, за единственным исключением — представлять своего клиента в суде, если он не получил права адвокатской практики в суде.
Make stories, comparing the following:
the definitions of the notary public in Text 1 and the same in Russia
the list of functions of the two notaries in Text 1 and the same in Russia
the kinds of training American and Russian notaries are to possess
Task 6. Read the text below making sure you fully comprehend it.
COMMON LAW JURISDICTIONS
A notary, in almost all common law jurisdictions, is a qualified, experienced practitioner trained in the drafting and execution of legal documents. Traditionally, notaries recorded matters of judicial importance as well as private transactions or events where an officially authenticated record or a document drawn up with professional skill or knowledge was required. Specifically, the functions of notaries include the preparation of certain types of documents (including international contracts, deeds, wills and powers of attorney) and certification of their due execution, administering of oaths, witnessing affidavits and statutory declarations, certification of copy documents, noting and protesting of bills of exchange and the preparation of ships' protests.
Documents certified by notaries are sealed with the notary»s seal or stamp and are recorded by the notary in a register (also called a «protocol») maintained and permanently kept by him or her. These are known as «notarial acts». In countries subscribing to the Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement for Legalization for Foreign Public Documents only one further act of certification is required, known as an apostille, and is issued by a government department (usually the Foreign Affairs Department or similar). For other countries an «authentication» or «legalization» must be issued by the Foreign Affairs Ministry of the country from which the document is being sent or the Embassy, Consulate-General or High Commission of the country to which it is being sent.
Notes:
certification |
засвидетельствование, заверение (документа, факта) |
draft |
писать черновик, делать прикидку, набросок |
execute |
оформлять (документ), соблюсти все формальности (для осуществления чего-либо) |
execution |
выполнение формальностей; оформление (документов) |
due |
должный, надлежащий, соответствующий |
record |
документ, письменно зафиксированное свидетельство; письменное производство по делу; записывать, регистрировать; заносить в список, в протокол; оформлять как документ (какие-либо факты и т.п.) |
apostille |
замечание на полях, заметка; апостиль (печать, проставляемая компетентыми органами (разными в разных странах) на любом нотариально заверенном документе, написанном в соответствии с требованиями Гаагской конвенции 1961 г., Hague Convention; документ с такой печатью автоматически действителен не только в стране выдачи, но также во всех государствах, подписавших конвенцию (не требуется консульских либо иных документов, удостоверяющих подлинность такого документа)) |
affidavit |
письменное показание под присягой |
to swear (to make) an affidavit |
давать показания под присягой |
bill of exchange |
вексель, тратта |
ships' protest |
морской протест |
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
What kind of training is a notary of?
What is the function of notaries?
What is a protocol?
What is a notarial act?
What is an apostille?
What is an affidavit?
Task 7. Give Russian counterparts of the following sentences:
Traditionally, notaries recorded matters of judicial importance as well as private transactions or events where an officially authenticated record or a document drawn up with professional skill or knowledge was required.
Documents certified by notaries are sealed with the notary's seal or stamp and are recorded by the notary in a register (also called a «protocol») maintained and permanently kept by him or her.
For other countries an «authentication» or «legalization» must be issued by the Foreign Affairs Ministry of the country from which the document is being sent or the Embassy, Consulate-General or High Commission of the country to which it is being sent.
Task 8. Complete the sentences:
________ is a qualified, experienced practitioner trained in the drafting and execution of legal documents.
Notaries recorded _________ where a document drawn up with professional skill or knowledge was required.
Documents certified _________ are sealed with the notary»s __________ and are recorded by the notary in a register.
__________ maintained and permanently kept by him or her.
Documents certified by notaries and the protocol are known as _______.
Task 9. Give English counterparts of the following sentences:
Почти во всех юрисдикциях нотариус — это получивший специальную квалификацию опытный профессионал, обученный составлять и оформлять юридические документы.
В функции нотариуса входит подготовка документов определённого типа, засвидетельствование их правильного оформления, приведение к присяге и прочее.
В странах, подписавших Гаагскую конвенцию об упразднении требований по легализации зарубежных государственных документов, необходим лишь один документ по засвидетельствованию, известный как апостиль, который выдаётся правительственным учреждением (обычно Департаментом иностранных дел или другим учреждением подобного рода).
Task 10. Compare the information in Texts 1 and 2 and trace the difference between the following. Supply arguments from the texts to prove your point of view.
Notary public's definitions in the first and second texts.
Notary public's status in the first and second texts.
Notary public's appointments.
Notary public's office and duty.
The law and regulations governing notarial practices.
T ask 11. Read the text below to learn more about notaries in individual countries.
ENGLAND AND WALES
After the passage of the 1533 Act, which was a direct result of the Reformation in England, all notary appointments were issued directly through the Court of Faculties. The Court of Faculties is attached to the office of the Archbishop of Canterbury.
In England and Wales there are several classes of notaries. English notaries, not to be confused with commissioners for oaths, also acquire the same powers as solicitors and other law practitioners, with the exception of the right to represent others before the courts (unless also members of the bar or admitted as a solicitor) once they are licensed or commissioned notaries. There are also Scrivener notaries, who get their name from the Scriveners' Company; until 1999, when they lost this monopoly, they were the only notaries permitted to practice in the City of London.
The
other notaries in England are either ecclesiastical notaries whose
functions are limited to the affairs of the Church of England or
other
The Notary Society gives the number of notaries in England and Wales as «900 or so».
Notes:
to pass |
принимать (закон, резолюцию и т.п.); быть принятым, быть одобренным (законодательном органом); переходить в другие руки (по наследству и т.п. — о собственности) |
passage |
проведение, утверждение (закона), вступление закона в силу |
Reformation (the) |
Реформация (широкое общественно-политическое и религиозное движение в Западной и Центральной Европе XVI в., носившее в своей основе антифеодальный характер и принявшее форму борьбы против католической церкви) |
appointment |
назначение (на должность, место) |
Court of Faculties (the) |
суд архиепископа Кентерберийского (обладающий правом разрешать отступления от правил, напр. в отношении заключения брака) |
to attach |
прикреплять, связывать (о чем-либо нематериальном) |
not to be confused with |
чтобы не путать с чем-либо/кем-либо |
commissioner for oaths |
уполномоченный, специальный уполномоченный, комиссар по приведению к присяге |
ecclesiastical notary |
церковный нотариус |
Scriveners' Company (society of scrivener Notaries of London) |
Общество нотариусов «Скривенер» Лондона |
Master of the Faculties (the) |
глава факультета |
latter |
недавний, более поздний, последний |
regulation |
правила и нормативы; процессуальные нормы и положения |
Notary Society |
общество, объединение, организация нотариусов |
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
In what way could one become a notary in England?
What kind of notaries are there in England and Wales?
What are the powers of English notaries?
In what way would you characterize each class of English notaries?
What do you think about the number of notaries in England and Wales?
Task 12. Match the English phrases with their Russian equivalents.
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Task 13. Translate the following text into English:
Принятие закона 1533 года в Англии явилось прямым следствием Реформации.
Все назначения на должность нотариуса осуществлялись судом архиепископа Кентерберийского.
Суд архиепископа Кентерберийского находится в непосредственном подчинении ведомству архиепископа Кентерберийского.
В Англии и Уэльсе существуют несколько классов нотариусов.
Один класс — английские нотариусы, которые имеют те же полномочия, что и другие профессионалы права.
Другой класс составляет Общество нотариусов «Скривенер» Лондона.
Это был единственный класс нотариусов, которым до 1999 г. разрешалось работать в Лондонском Сити.
Другой класс нотариусов — это церковные нотариусы, которые обслуживают лишь английскую церковь.
Есть и другие люди, имеющие соответствующее образование, но не получившие специальности солиситора или барристера, но, по заключению Главы Факультета, обладающие адекватным пониманием права.
Две последние категории нотариусов должны сдать экзамен, установленный Главой Факультета.
Task 14. Can you compare the information about notaries given in Texts 1, 2 and 3 and trace as many differences between them as possible?
Task 15. Draw a table to sort out the information about the three notary systems to identify elements in common between the three, the two, as well as major discrepancies.
Make a story to analyze the character of the three notary systems. Compare them with the information you have about the Russian one.
T ask 16. Read more about notaries in the United Kingdom.
