I should have

I wish I had

If!

had

translated the article yesterday

met you yesterday

read this new book

seen your brother yesterday

bought a dictionary

done my homework

rung him up yesterday

gone to the library

had more practice in chess

joined you in Ashing

had a ticket yesterday

asked you to help me

called at that shop

called on my friend yesterday

won the champion­ship

heard about it yes­terday found out all about this discovery.

told you something.

told you about it.

asked him to come to our place.

translated the text.

got a good mark.

found out all about his illness.

got that book.

won the game yes­terday.

caught a lot of fish.

gone to the theatre last night.

done the work well.

bought the book.

met interesting people.

been sent abroad. been pleased.

Упражнение 473

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

me your address, I shall write you a letter. 3. If she (not to be) so absent-minded, she would be a much better student. 4. If my sister does not go to the ' south, we (to spend) the summer in St Petersburg together. 5. If they (not to go) to Moscow last year, they would not have heard that famous musician. J

6. If you (not to get) tickets for the Philharmonic, j we shall stay at home. 7. If you were not so care- j less about your health, you (to consult) the doctor. ^

8. I should be delighted if I (to have) such a beauti- J ful fur coat. 9. If it (to rain), we shall have to stay jj at home. 10. If he (to work) hard, he would have j achieved great progress. 11. If it is not too cold,

I (not to put) on my coat. 12. I (to write) the essay ¹⁹ long ago if you had not disturbed me. 13. If he (not to read) so much, he would not be so clever. 14. If my friend (to be) at home, he will tell us what to do.

Упражнение 476

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу- ющейся форме.

(to come) to our house yesterday, he would have met his friend. 13. If he (not to pass) his exam, he will not get a scholarship. 14. If she (not to help) me, I should have been in a very difficult situation.

15. My father would have more free time if he (not to read) so many newspapers. 16. If only you had let me know, I (to go) there immediately. 17. If I were a fa­mous singer, I (to get) a lot of flowers every day.

Упражнение 477

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. If my brother (to be) in trouble, I shall help him, of course. 2. If I don’t manage to finish my report today, I (to stay) at home tomorrow. 3. If she were more careful about her diet, she (not to be) so stout. 4. You would not feel so bad if you (not to smoke) too much. 5. If he (to learn) the poem, he would not have got a bad mark. 6. If you gave me your dictionary for a couple of days, I (to translate) this text. 7. If I (to be) a musician, I should be very happy. 8. If Barbara (to get) up at half past eight, she would have been late for school. 9. If you had not put the cup on the edge of the table, it (not to get) broken. 10. I should be very glad if he (to come) to my place. 11. If he (to live) in St Petersburg, he would go to the Hermitage every week. 12. If you (to go) to the theatre with us last week, you would have enjoyed the evening. 13. You won’t understand the rule if you (not to listen) to the teacher. 14. If he weren’t such a bookworm, he (not to spend) so much time sitting in the library. 15. I should not have bought the car if my friend (not to lend) me money. 16. If he did not live in St Petersburg, we (not to meet) so often. 17. If he had warned me, I (to do) the work in time.

Упражнение 478

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. If it (to snow), the children will play snowballs.

2. If I (not to know) English, I should not be able to enjoy Byron’s poetry. 3.1 (not to do) it if you did not j ask me. 4. If men (to have) no weapons, would wars be possible? 5. You will never finish your work if you (to waste) your time like that. 6. If I (to have) his telephone number, I should easily settle this matter with him. 7. If I (to have) this rare book, I should gladly lend it to you. 8. The dish would have been J much more tasty if she (to be) a better cook. 9. He 1 never (to phone) you if I hadn’t reminded him to do * that. 10. Your brother (to become) much stronger ²⁰ if he took cold baths regularly. 11. If he (to be) more i courageous, he would not be afraid. 12. If the fisher- ; man had been less patient, he (not to catch) so much \ fish. 13. If you (to put) the ice cream in the freezer, ^: it would not have melted. 14. If I (to know) the result ¹ now, I would phone her immediately. 15. If you had let me know yesterday, I (to bring) you my book.

Упражнение 479

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

you (to go) to the Philharmonic much more often. 9. If you had not wasted so much time, you (not to miss) the train. 10. If you (not to miss) the train, you would have arrived on time. 11. You (not to miss) the teach­er’s explanation if you had arrived on time. 12. You would have understood the rule if you (not to miss) the teacher’s explanation. 13. If you (to understand) the rule, you would have written the paper success­fully. 14. If you had written the paper successfully, you (not to get) a “two”. 15. Your mother (not to scold) you if you had not got a “two”. 16. If your mother (not to scold) you, you would have felt happier.

Упражнение 480

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. If it (to rain) tomorrow, our game will be can­celled. 2. If a dog (to bite) her on the leg, she would go straight to hospital. 3. If he had known it was going to rain, he (to take) his umbrella to work today.

4. If only I (to have) more pocket money, I could buy some new English books. 5. If she hadn’t missed the bus, she (not to be) late for work. 6. If I (to live) two hundred years ago, I couldn’t have spoken on the telephone. 7. If my daughter did her homework carefully, she (to get) much better marks. She’s really a smart little girl. 8. If his friend (to be) in the mood to see a film, they would have gone to the cinema last night. 9. If my cactus plant (not to have) a rare disease, it wouldn’t have died. 10. If they had re­membered your address, they (to send) you a post­card. 11. If Tom saw a car crash, he (to telephone) the police and (to help) the people in the cars. 12. If you are not sure, what to say, you (to have) to guess. 13. If she (not to be) very ill, she wouldn’t have been absent from English classes all last week. 14. If my parents had had good seats, they (to enjoy) the play

last night. 15. If a robber (to attack) him in a dark street, he would defend himself. 16. If he hadn’t been so careless, he (not to fall) into this trap. 17. If you (not to smoke), you would feel more energetic.

17. If her alarm clock (to ring), she would have been on time for work this morning.

Упражнение 481

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу- ] ющейся форме.

1. If you were on a hijacked plane, you (to attack) the hijackers? 2. If they were on a hijacked plane, they (to stay) calm and probably (to survive). 3. If my friend had been trying harder, he (to succeed). !

4. If I (to live) in 1703,1 shouldn’t (wouldn’t’)²¹ have had a computer. 5. If she (to smell) smoke in the ^: middle of the night, she would telephone the fire brigade and run into the street and shout, “Fire!” ■

6. If he (to invite), he would have come to the party last Sunday. 7. If the driver in front hadn’t stopped suddenly, the accident (not to happen). 8. If you (not to know) how to play, my sister will explain the rules j to you. 9. If she had told them it was her birthday, - they (to give) her a birthday present. 10. If I had j more time, I (to read) more books. 11. If their TV | had been working, they (to watch) the President’s ; speech last night. 12. If my T-shirt hadn’t been . 100 percent cotton, it (not to shrink) so much.

7. How can you become more popular in your class: if you (to get) the top mark in mathematics or En- ;

glish or if you (to be) good at sports? 14. If they (to go) by car, they would have saved time. 15. If I (to be) a bird, I would²² be able to fly. 16. If he (to bring) his book home, he would have done his homework last night. 17. If my mother (to win) a million pounds, she would spend it as fast as possible. 18. If you had been feeling well, you (to be) in class yesterday.

Упражнение 482

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. I am sorry that you do not read English nov­els; if you (to read) them, I (to lend) you some very interesting ones. 2. You say that you did not read yesterday’s papers; if you (to read) them, you (to see) the announcement of Professor X’s coming to our town. 3. He is not ill: if he (to be) ill, he (not to play) tennis so much. 4. He was not ill last week: if he (to be) ill, he (not to take) part in the football match.

5. How slippery it is! If it (not to rain), it (not to be) so slippery. 6. I am glad I was able to attend the lecture yesterday. You (to be) displeased if I (not to come)?

7. Let’s take a taxi to the railway station: we have a lot of luggage. If we (not to have) so much luggage, we (to walk). 8. Stop working and let’s go inside: it is too dark. If the evening (not to be) so dark, we (to continue) the work. 9. I don’t believe you: you only say that you want to know languages. If you (to be) really interested in languages, you (to study) them.

Упражнение 483

Образуйте условные предложения.

1. Не is busy and does not come to see us. If ...

2. The girl did not study well last year and received bad marks. If ... 3. Не broke his bicycle and so he did not go to the country. If ... 4. He speaks En­glish badly: he has no practice. If ... 5. I had a bad headache yesterday, that’s why I did not come to see you. If ... 6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that’s why it struck a rock. If ... 7. He was not in town, therefore he was not present at our meeting. If ... 8. The pavement was so slippery that I fell and hurt my leg. If ... 9. The sea is rough, and we can­not sail to the island. If ... 10. They made a fire, and the frightened wolves ran away. If ... 11. It is late, and I have to go home. If ... 12. I was expect­ing my friend to come, that’s why I could not go to the cinema with you. If ... 13. He always gets top marks in mathematics because it is his favourite subject and he works a lot on it. If ... 14. I did not translate the article yesterday because I had no dic­tionary. If ... 15. We lost our way because the night was pitch-dark. If ... 16. The box was so heavy that I could not carry it. That’s why I took a taxi. If ...

Упражнение 484

Образуйте условные предложения.

1. The travellers had no camera with them, so they could not take photos of the beautiful scenery. If ... 2. There was no sugar left, so we had to go to the shop late in the evening. If ... 3. This house is very nice and comfortable, but it is not very good for living because it is situated close to a chemical plant and the air around is very bad. If ... 4. He is an excellent specialist, but I cannot ask his advice because I am not acquainted with him. If ... 5. You cannot enjoy this merry birthday party because you have a toothache. If ... 6. You know the material well enough, but you are very absent-minded, and that’s why you always make many mistakes. If ... 7. You did not ring me up, so I did not know you were in trouble. If ... 8. You left the child alone in the room, so he hurt himself. If ... 9. They spent a year in the tropics, so they got very sun-tanned. If ... 10. It rained heavily, so we got drenched to the skin. If ...

7. Why didn’t you watch the cat? It ate all the fish. If ... 12. A huge black cloud appeared from behind the forest, so we had to turn back and hurry home. If ... 13. We shall not go to see them because it is very late. If ... 14. Naturally she was angry, because you were in her way. If ...

Упражнение 485

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му сослагательного наклонения после I wish.

1. I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Philhar­monic next winter. 2.1 wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too diffi­cult for me. 3. I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round. 4. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it.

5. I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive.

6. I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day. 7. I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time! 8. I wish I (to know) Spanish.

1. wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night. 10. I wish you (to read) more in future. 11. I wish I never (to suggest) this idea. 12. I wish I (to be) at yesterday’s party: it must have been very merry. 13. I wish we (to meet) again next summer. 14. Don’t you wish you (to see) that performance before? 15. They wished they (not to see) this horrible scene again. 16. The unfortunate pupil wished he (not to forget) to learn the rule.

Упражнение 486

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му сослагательного наклонения после I wish.

1. I wish I (can) give up smoking. 2. She wishes she (to see) him at yesterday’s party. 3. I wish I (to pass) my driving test last Monday. 4. I wish I (not to forget) my friend’s birthday yesterday. 5. The boy is sad. He wishes he (not to break) the window.

6. My aunt wishes she (to stay) at home last week­end. 7. He wishes he (to know) something about cars.

8. I wish it (to be) sunny. 9. I wish it (to be) sunny during our picnic last Saturday. 10. She wishes she (to live) in the Crimea. 11. My friend wishes he (not to do) that last week. 12.1 wish I (to bring) my cam­era last summer. 13. I wish I (can) tell the future.

7. Do you wish you (to be) in the Guinness Book of Records? 15. Some people wish they (can) appear on a TV game show and become famous. 16. She often wishes things (to be) different.

Упражнение 487

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употреб­ляя I wish.

• E.g. It’s a pity you are ill.

I wish you were not ill.

1. Unfortunately they won’t return before Christ­mas. 2. The student was sorry he had not studied the material better and had shown such poor knowl­edge at the exam. 3. It’s a pity that you did not send for us last night. 4. It’s a pity you are not with us these days. 5. What a pity you don’t know enough physics. 6. He was sorry not to have had enough time to finish his paper. 7. It’s a pity we shan’t be able to reach home before teatime. 8. I am sorry I made you upset by telling you this news. 9. My friend regrets not having gone to university. 10. My friend regrets not having entered the university.

Упражнение 488

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя I wish.

1. а) Жаль, что он такой легкомысленный,

б) Жаль, что он недостаточно серьезен.

2. а) Я теперь жалею, что не послушал его совета,

б) Я теперь жалею, что последовал его совету.

3. а) Жаль, что вы пришли так поздно,

б) Жаль, что вы не пришли пораньше.

4. а) Обидно, что мы ушли до его прихода.

б) Обидно, что мы не дождались его прихода.

5. а) К сожалению, они еще ничего не знают,

б) К сожалению, они уже знают об этом.

Упражнение 489

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя I wish.

1. Ах, если бы вы сказали ей об этом в прошлое воскресенье! 2. Хорошо бы у нас сейчас были ка­никулы. 3. Если бы он пришел сегодня вечером!

4. Мы пожалели, что не попросили его совета.

5. Жаль, что вы отказались принять участие в пикнике. 6. Жаль, что вас не интересует этот предмет. 7. Мы бы хотели, чтобы вы упомянули эти факты. 8. Жаль, что мы опоздали на поезд.

9. Жаль, что вы включили телевизор так поздно.

10. Если бы я был свободен сейчас! 11. Жаль, что и вчера у меня было мало времени. 12. Хорошо бы вы написали ей об этом сами. 13. Жаль, что вы не обратили внимания на его предупреждение. 14. Он пожалел, что бросил университет. 15. Жаль, что уже поздно идти туда. 16. Ах, если бы я пришел на вокзал вовремя! 17. Жаль, что вы не читали такую прекрасную книгу. 18. Жаль, что она дела­ет так много ошибок в речи. 19. Жаль, что вы не побывали на выставке. 20. Жаль, что я узнал об этом так поздно. 21. Как жаль, что мы не застали Колю дома. 22. Она сожалела, что не рассказала нам эту историю раньше.

Обратите внимание на смешанные случаи употребления времен в условных предложениях II и III типа:

If I were acquainted with this famous professor, I should have rung him up yesterday.

Условие относится к настоящему времени (II тип), а следствие — к прошедшему (III тип).

If I had written the composition yesterday, I should be free now.

Условие относится к прошедшему времени (///тип), а следствие — к настоящему (II тип).

Упражнение 490

Образуйте условные предложения. Не забудьте о смешанных случаях.

1. shall go to the dentist because I have a tooth­ache. If ... 2. He is groaning with pain now because he did not go to the dentist to have his tooth filled. If ... 3. She doesn’t go to the clinic because she does not need any treatment. If ... 4. I shan’t go to see the play as I was present at the dress rehearsal. If ...

5. He went to Moscow specially to hear this famous singer because he is fond of him. If ... 6. We did not go to the cafeteria to have a glass of lemonade because we were not thirsty. If ... 7. She could not mend her dress herself because she had no needle. If ... 8. He is not a first-class sportsman now because he did not train enough last year. If ... 9. The pu­pils were active because they wanted to understand this difficult material. If ... 10. The pupils did not understand the homework because they were inat­tentive. If ... 11. The pupils worked hard and did well in their exams. If ... 12. She won’t try to enter the foreign languages department because she is not good at foreign languages. If ...

Упражнение 491

Переведите на английский язык.

1. Он так изменился! Если бы вы его встретили, вы бы его не узнали. 2. Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы посоветовался с родителями. З.Если бы сейчас подошел трамвай, мы бы не опоздали.

4. Если бы он знал, что это вас расстроит, он был бы осторожнее. 5. Если бы вы мне помогли ре­шить эту задачу, я был бы вам очень благодарен.

6. Жаль, что нам раньше не пришло в голову поискать книгу в библиотеке. Мы бы сделали работу вовремя и сейчас были бы уже свободны.

7. Жаль, что у нас было так мало уроков. Если бы мы больше поработали, мы бы лучше знали язык.

8. Если бы он регулярно не ходил на тренировки, он не добился бы такого успеха на состязаниях.

9. Если бы ты предупредил меня заранее, я бы уже был в Москве. 10. Жаль, что она уже ушла. Если бы ты позвонил раньше, она была бы сейчас здесь. 11. Если бы он был умнее, он бы не пошел вчера на вечеринку. 12. Если бы она не прислала вчера это письмо, мой брат был бы сейчас дома.

13. Что бы мы сейчас делали, если бы мама не ис­пекла вчера пирог? 14. Жаль, что вы не слышали музыку Рахманинова. Если бы вы ее слышали, вы бы знали, какой это замечательный компози­тор. 15. Я уверен, что все были бы рады, если бы вечеринка состоялась.

Упражнение 492

Переведите на английский язык.

1. Если бы я знал французский, я бы уже дав­но поговорил с ней. 2. Если бы я знал немецкий язык, я бы читал Гете в оригинале. 3. Если бы я жил близко, я бы чаще заходил к вам. 4. Если бы вы не прервали нас вчера, мы бы закончили работу в срок. 5. Если бы он не следовал советам врача, он бы не поправился так быстро. 6. Если бы он не был талантливым художником, его картину не приняли бы на выставку. 7. Если бы вы тогда послушались моего совета, вы бы не были сейчас в таком затруднительном положении. 8. Если бы я не был так занят в эти дни, я бы помог тебе вчера. 9. Если бы он не был так близорук, он бы узнал меня вчера в театре. 10. Она здорова. Если бы она была больна, ее брат сказал бы мне об этом вчера. 11. Вы бы много знали, если бы регулярно читали этот журнал. 12. Если бы я узнала об этом раньше, то не сидела бы сейчас дома. 13. Если бы мои родители были богаты, они бы уже давно купили мне машину. 14. Она очень талантлива. Хорошо бы родители купили ей пианино. Если она начнет играть сейчас, она будет выдающимся музыкантом.

МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ

CAN

Возможность что-нибудь сделать (могу, умею)