- •Types of engines практикум
- •Передмова
- •Contents
- •Unit 1 the creation of steam engines
- •2. Discuss the following questions with a partner.
- •3. Read the text and find the expressions which mean:
- •The creation of steam engines
- •6. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •Read the passage about the steam engine history and choose the correct word.
- •Listen to the text about the Steam Engine invention and tell your group mates what inventors are mentioned in the text.
- •Think of the endings of these sentences, then listen and check.
- •13. Discuss in pairs the meaning of the following phrases in relation to the information from the text:
- •Unit 2 steam engines: developments of the industrial revolution
- •Think of as many words as possible related to the topic “Development of steam engines”. How important were steam engines in the industrial revolution?
- •Study the diagram of James Watt’s pumping engine. How did the separate condenser which he had added to the earlier design make the steam engine more effective?
- •3. Read the text and decide whether the statements that follow are true or false. Steam engines: developments of the industrial revolution
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about steam locomotives and traction engines and open the brackets.
- •11. Listen to the text about Watt Engine and compare it with the information from the text. What new facts have you known?
- •12. Define true and false sentences. Then listen and check.
- •13. Explain while answering the questions. Why:
- •Work in pairs. Discuss and list some problems early steam engines might have caused. Make your problem list and share it with your group. Support your ideas. Use the following phrases.
- •Translate the following passage about Thomas Savery’s and Denis Papin’s steam machines from Ukrainian into English.
- •Unit 3 modern high-pressure steam engines
- •Where are steam engines used today? Why is their use restricted mainly by atomic power plants and thermo-electric power stations?
- •3. Read the text and match the sentences (a-c) to the numbered spaces (1-3) in the text.
- •Modern high-pressure steam engines
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about the components of steam engines and choose the correct word.
- •11. Listen to the text and chose the statement which was not mentioned in the text:
- •12. Listen to the text and insert the missing words.
- •13. Comment on the following statements if you agree or disagree:
- •Webquest. Search the Web for the information on steam cars or steam locomotives in modern times. Write a review (200-250 words) about these technologies. Consider the following points:
- •Translate the following passage about the first compound steam engine built by the British engineer and inventor Arthur Woolf from Ukrainian into English.
- •Internal-combustion engines
- •1. Work with a partner to discuss the following.
- •3. Read the text and match the questions (a-e) to the paragraphs (1-5).
- •Internal-combustion engines
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English words and phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about internal combustion engine and choose the correct word.
- •11. Listen to the text and tell your groupmates what type of engine it is about.
- •12. Listen once more and choose the right word.
- •13. Comment on the following points:
- •Translate the following passage about internal combustion engine from Ukrainian into English.
- •Look at the diagram and try to explain how the open-cycle constant-pressure gas-turbine engine works.
- •Read the text and answer the questions that follow.
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about gas turbine and open the brackets.
- •11. Listen to the text about the turbine and tell what the text is about:
- •12. Listen to the text once more and insert the necessary word.
- •13. Answer the questions.
- •14. Work in groups a, b, c, and d. Each group will read the information on the different types of a gas turbine engine. Listen and complete the chart about these engine, then compare them.
- •Work in a group. Read the text and discuss the difference between the turbo engine and reciprocating engine. See Appendix a (p. 99). Discuss:
- •You are going to take a part at a scientific conference. You have to make a report (200-250 words) about modern gas turbine engine. Your report should include the following points:
- •Webquest. Find the information about the modern gas turbine application in different areas: industry, transportation, energy supplement, space exploration etc.
- •Translate the following passage about gas turbine from Ukrainian into English:
- •Communication activities unit 1
- •Time line of steam engine invention.
- •Text 1 Steam Power and the Industrial Revolution: 1760-1840
- •Text 2 Modern Steam
- •Internal combustion engine invention impact
- •Suggested Solutions
- •Advantages of gas turbine engines
- •Disadvantages of gas turbine engines
- •Audioscripts unit 1 The Steam Engine
- •Unit 2 The Watt engine.
- •Unit 3 Modern steam engines
- •Unit 4 Diesel Engine
- •Unit 5 Avery’s Turbine
- •References
Work in pairs. Discuss and list some problems early steam engines might have caused. Make your problem list and share it with your group. Support your ideas. Use the following phrases.
- It can be flammable …
- This failure can cause …
- When using it don’t …
- Avoid getting …
- In case of breakage …
- Take precautionary measures against …
- This … must be disposed of in a safe way …
- Splitting might cause …
- If you heat to much …
- Use appropriate protection to ...
Work in groups of 3 students. Using the picture from Appendix A (p. 88) compare three the most famous steam engines from three inventors: Newcomen, Savery and Watt. The following points should be included into the discussion:
– principle of work;
– application;
– operation;
– advantages and disadvantages;
– improved parts.
Use the following phrases.
- On one / the other hand …
- Rather similarly …
- On the contrary …
- In addition to …
- It resembles …
- The same way of …
- It is similar to …
- It differs from …
- With the purpose of …
- In order to …
WRITING
Imagine you are Thomas Newcomen, write a letter of response (200-250 words) to the Cornish Mining Companies. Make sure to include a brief description of the idea you have to help with the flooding of the mines. Use the following phrases.
- Thank you for your letter of … regarding / concerning / in connection with …
- I refer to your enquiry about / relating to …
- I have received your letter of … requesting information about …
- The best choice would be … since …
- I highly recommend … as / due to the fact that …
- It would probably be more suitable because …
- It seems to suit you better although …
- Perhaps you should choose … even though …
- I suggest that you (should) choose …
- I recommend this item since …
- In view of the fact that …, I would strongly recommend … as …
Webquest. You are an author of a scientific site. You have to write a short report about famous engineers who worked or improved the steam engine: Denis Papin, Giovanni Branca, Thomas Savery, Thomas Newcomen, Jacob Leupold, Richard Trevithick and others. Search the Web for the biography of these inventors. Write a review (200-250 words) and present it to your group mates. Your report should include the following points:
– general personal information;
– education and career;
– inventions;
– memorials.
Translate the following passage about Thomas Savery’s and Denis Papin’s steam machines from Ukrainian into English.
Перша спроба поставити пару на службу людині була зроблена в Англії в 1698 році: машина Томаса Севері призначалася для осушення шахт і перекачування води. Сам винахідник назвав її «вогневою машиною» і «другом шахтарів». Для одержання пари, що приводили машину в дію, був потрібний вогонь. Але винахід Севері ще не був двигуном у повному розумінні цього слова, оскільки крім декількох клапанів, що відкривалися і закривалися вручну, у ньому не було інших механізмів.
Машина Севері працювала наступним чином: спочатку герметичний резервуар наповнявся парою, потім зовнішня поверхня резервуара охолоджувалася холодною водою, від чого пара конденсувалася, і в резервуарі створювався частковий вакуум. У результаті цього вода із дна шахти засмоктувалася в резервуар через забірну трубу і після впуску чергової порції пари викидалася назовні через випускну трубу. Потім цикл повторювався. Таким способом воду можна було засмоктувати з глибини меншої за 10 метрів, оскільки в дійсності її виштовхував атмосферний тиск.
Перша парова машина з поршнем була побудована французом Дені Папеном у 1698 році. Вода нагрівалася усередині вертикального циліндра з поршнем усередині, і пара, що утворювалася, штовхала поршень нагору. Коли пара охолоджувалася і конденсувалася, поршень опускався вниз під дією атмосферного тиску. Таким чином, за допомогою системи блоків парова машина Папена могла приводити в рух різні механізми, наприклад насоси.