I. Translate into Russian.

Most of mechanical propulsion systems generally consist of an engine turning a propeller shaft. There are many variations of propeller systems, including twin, contra-rotating, controllable-pitch, and propellers in nozzles. Power is transmitted from the engine to the propeller by way of a propeller shaft, which may or may not be connected to a gearbox.

THE PROPULSION SYSTEM of a diesel-driven ship includes main en­gines and supporting systems: fuel system, lubricating (oil) system, cooling sys­tem, supercharging system, starting and reversing system, as well as couplings, reduction gear, shafting and a propeller - fixed-pitch or variable-pitch pro­peller (controllable-pitch-propeller - CPP).

There are a number of propelling units from which to choose:

• diesel engines,

• steam turbine,

• diesel-electric or turbo-electric drive,

• gas trubine,

• nuclear propulsion units.

THE POWER PLANT of a turbine-driven ship usually consists of steam turbines connected through flexible couplings to a reduction gear for drivingthe propeller shaft and steam generators which may be forced-draft type boilersof the two-drum, water-tube, double-cased type fitted with superheaters, re­generative air heaters, and water-wall furnaces.

Some ships have diesel-electric or turbo-electric drive.

II. Write the full forms, in words, of the abbreviations and shortened terms below and translate into Russian.

abbreviation	the full form	translation
ER	engine room	машинное отделение
CPP
FPP
CRP
PM
AM

III. Match the statements in column b with the terms listed in column a. Е

A	B
Steam engine	used alone to convert an electrical source (e.g. batteries, photovoltaic panels) to mechanical work, or used as an intermediate conversion energy (jointly with an electrical generator), between diesel engines and propellers.
Diesel engine	an internal combustion engine working in a Diesel cycle, using liquefied natural gas (LNG) as main fuel.
Gas turbine	an internal combustion engine (ICE), working in a Diesel cycle, using marine diesel or heavy fuel oil, and used in most ships since 1930s.
LNG engine	an internal combustion engine, working in a Brayton cycle, derived from aviation turbines, able to burn marine diesel, kerosene, or jet fuel, are used in some fast ships (e.g. hydrofoils), warships (for quick action), and large cruisers.
Electric motors	an external combustion engine, working in a Rankine cycle, with water as working fluid, used in practically all ships in the 19th century, initially with reciprocating pistons and later with turbines (the first in 1897 with the Turbinia steamer), and on a few vessels since then (in some very large ships, and in nuclear submarines).