Санкт-петербургский институт (филиал) федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «всероссийский государственный университет юстиции (рпа минюста россии)»

САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (ФИЛИАЛ) ВГУЮ (РПА МИНЮСТА РОССИИ)

Кафедра: Гуманитарных и социально-экономических дисциплин

Дисциплина Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции

(наименование учебной дисциплины)

Билет для экзамена № 18

1. Death penalty.

2. Read, translate and be ready to answer the questions.

The legal profession in Great Britain consists of two separate and complementary ranches, barristers and solicitors. Both are made up of lawyers trained and organized in ways which reflect the differences in their functions and the services they provide. The solicitor is usually the first point of contact for any member of the public seeking legal advice and, in many cases, will be the only point of contact, as a solicitor is qualified to see many matters through from beginning to end. The practicing barrister is essentially a consultant offering specialist skills as an advisor and advocate under all matters involving the law. The procedure is that the solicitor takes instructions from the client, namely the person who requires advice or representation, and then usually approaches a barrister to advise or represent the client in court. When a case proceeds to trial, the solicitor carries out all the preparatory work. Barristers with their intimate knowledge of litigation and case law concentrate on the pleading of the case in court.

Meetings between client and barrister are organized by the solicitor and take place in his presence according to the needs and circumstances of the case. However, the barrister is to maintain a position of impartiality in presenting his case with respect to maintain a position of impartiality in presenting his case with respect to the facts and law, without being influenced by any personal allegiance to or knowledge of the client. This is the main reason for still having a divided profession in Great Britain.

Зав. кафедрой кандидат исторических наук, доцент

Сексте Я.А.

(подпись)

Санкт-петербургский институт (филиал) федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «всероссийский государственный университет юстиции (рпа минюста россии)»

САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (ФИЛИАЛ) ВГУЮ (РПА МИНЮСТА РОССИИ)

Кафедра: Гуманитарных и социально-экономических дисциплин

Дисциплина Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции

(наименование учебной дисциплины)

Билет для экзамена № 19

1. Drug abuse.

2. Read, translate and be ready to answer the questions.

Infringement refers to the unauthorized use of intellectual property. To protect against infringement, owners should take steps to put the world on notice that their rights exist. Providing notice helps deter infringement by making the owner's rights more visible to those who might inadvertently violate them. It also triggers additional legal benefits, and puts the owner in a better position to prosecute an infringement in court, if that becomes necessary. Inventors can give notice of their rights by marking their product with the patent number assigned to it by the Patent and Trademark Office.

The label "patent pending" can also be used to discourage others from copying the design before the patent is awarded. Notice of trademarks and copyrights is given by placing the appropriate symbol (TM, ©, etc.) on the material, and then registering the mark or copyright, so it can be added to the government's database. If infringement does occur, rights to intellectual property can be enforced in federal court. Before filing a lawsuit, however, owners will want to consult with an attorney and carefully consider whether litigation is in their best interests. Infringement cases are expensive to prosecute, and there is always a risk that the owner's rights, once held up to the scrutiny of a court proceeding, will be revealed as invalid or less extensive than the owner believed. In the event an owner of intellectual property does sue, and the lawsuit is successful, a number of remedies will be available. The court can order an injunction, meaning the infringer must stop what it is doing.

Зав. кафедрой кандидат исторических наук, доцент

Сексте Я.А.

(подпись)