X. Преобразуйте (если необходимо) слова в скобках так, чтобы они соответствовали содержанию текста: how to learn vocabulary

Students are under enormous pressure to learn huge amounts of vocabulary but they are rarely given 1(guide) as to how to go about it. They have a 2(tend) to try and learn long lists by heart, but this is hardly the most 3(efficiency) approach to the problem. The golden rule is to do lots of 4(revise) at regular intervals. Secondly, students should concentrate on words with the highest 5(frequent) which also improve the students’ spoken 6(fluent). They should also take every opportunity to use the words in communication – there’s considerable 7(psychology) evidence that learners who like using the foreign language improve their oral 8(perform) and their overall 9(acquire) of the language much more rapidly than students who are 10(reluctance) to practice the language in real situations.

XI. Переведите недостающие части предложений в тексте: reading better and faster

(Для большинства людей), it is easy to learn to read faster. Your (скорость чтения) is often just (дело привычки). But to begin, you may need to try to change some habits and try these tips:

1. Pay attention when you read and read as if it really matters. Most people read in the same way that they watch television, i.e. in an inattentive, passive way. Reading takes (усилие) and you must make the effort. Read in a "questioning" manner - as if you were searching for something.

2. Stop talking to yourself when you read. People talk to themselves in 2 ways, by: vocalizing, which is the actual moving of your lips as you read, and subvocalizing, which is talking to yourself in your head as you silently read. Both of these will slow you down to the point in which you find that you can't read any faster than you can speak. Speech is a relatively slow activity; for most, the (средняя скорость) is about 250 WPM (words per minute). Reading should be an activity which involves only the eyes and the brain.

V ocalization ties reading to actual speaking. Try to think of reading as if you were looking at a landscape, a panorama of ideas, rather than looking at the rocks at your feet.

3. Read in thought groups. Studies have shown that when we read, our eyes must make (небольшие остановки) along the line. Poor readers make many, many more fixations (eyestops) than good readers.

Not only does this (замедляет ваше чтение), but it inhibits (понимание) because meaning is easier to pull from groups of words rather than from individual words or even single letters. (Пытайтесь читать фразами) of three or four words, especially in complete clauses and prepositional phrases.

4. Don't keep re-reading the same phrases. Poor readers habitually read and re-read the same phrase over and over again. This habit of making "regressions" doubles or triples reading time and often does not result in better comprehension.

5. Vary your reading rate to suit the difficulty and type of writing of the text. Poor readers always read at the same slow rate. An efficient reader (ускоряет) for easier material and slows down for the hard.

Some things were not meant to be read quickly at all. Legal material and very difficult text should be read slowly. Easier material and magazines and newspapers can be read quickly.