- •Give a definition of science. Open the three values of science.
- •2. Name the criteria (features) scientific. Determine each criterion.
- •3. Expand the example of your own science structure of scientific knowledge.
- •4. Define the object and subject of research. Open these concepts as an example of your science.
- •5. Show the difference between the scientific and religious world view as the two ways of perceiving the world.
- •6. Specify the differences between science and art as the two ways of knowing.
- •7.Formulate the concept of ‘scientism’ and ‘anti-scientism’. Arguments each of them.
- •8. Identify the difference between externalism and internalism in science. Give examples of each.
- •Identify the difference between externalism and internalism in science. Give examples of each.
- •9. Evaluate the unity and specify the differences between philosophy and science as two forms of rationality.
- •10. Expand the concept "quantifier of existence".
- •11. Display the fundamental differences between scientific, anti-scientific and extra-scientific knowledge.
- •12. A comparative analysis of the concepts: information, knowledge, wisdom.
- •13. Explain the three tasks of science.
- •14. Expand the 5 points of view on the problem of the beginning of science. Explain your position on this issue.
- •15.Explain the concept of verification and falsification in the science.
- •16 Name and define the form of non-scientific knowledge. Give examples of each.
- •17. Specify the main problems described in the text "Science without hope."
- •18. Determine the ability of the productive imagination.
- •19. Give your assessment of the text ‘The phenomenon of alternative science’.
- •20. Illustrate the essence of quasi-science and para-science.
- •21. Open the myths of your science.
- •22. Analyze "outstanding issues" of your science.
- •23. Define the concept of ‘knowledge’. Name the three characteristics of knowledge.
- •24. Consider the main ideas, hypotheses and theories on the topic "Knowledge".
- •25. Define the essence of thinking and show how it differs from the mind (intellect).
- •26.Identify and expand the main features pre-science.
- •27. Formulate and expand the scientific ideas and the main program of Antiquity.
- •Identify and expand the main features pre-science.
- •28. Expand the paradigm of ancient science.
- •29. Evaluate the major achievements of science in the Middle Ages (Europe and the Arab East).
- •31.Formulate discoveries and personalities in classical science.
- •32. Formulate and expand the main ideas and principles of classical science.
- •33. Expand the paradigm of classical science.
- •34. Name and expand the main ideas and principles of non-classical science.
- •35. Name and expand the main ideas and principles of the post-non-classical science.
- •36. Make the analysis of the socio-cultural environment of Kazakhstan science (5 parameters).
- •37. Give your assessment of the intellectual level of the Kazakhstan society.
- •38. Please rate the prestige of Kazakhstan science and formulate your recommendations on this issue.
- •39. Consider the main ideas, hypotheses and theories on the topic ‘Planet earth’. The Solar Nebular Hypothesis
- •A Cloud of Gas
- •Sun Formation
- •Planet and Asteroid Formation
- •40. Consider the main ideas, hypotheses and theories on the topic "Mind & Body"
- •41. Describe the content of the videotext "Agora" and formulate your conclusions on it.
- •42. Evaluate the main issues and features an ancient science in videotext "Agora".
- •43. Expand the content of the videotext "a Beautiful Mind" and make your own conclusions on it.
- •44. Consider the problem of creativity and personality of the scientist in videotext "a Beautiful Mind."
- •45. Show in the context of the video-text "a Beautiful Mind" and other examples of the difference of genius and talent in science.
- •46. Make a glossary of basic scientific ideas and concepts in videotext "Interstellar"
- •47. Describe the content of the videotext ‘Interstellar’ and formulate your conclusion on it.
- •48. Determine the nature of scientific creativity. Formulate the paradox of creativity. Evaluate the role of intuition in scientific discovery.
- •49. Consider the main ideas, hypotheses and theories on the topic "Universe"
- •Inflation
- •Inflation
- •50. Consider the main ideas, hypotheses and theories on the topic "Human Evolution".
16 Name and define the form of non-scientific knowledge. Give examples of each.
Non Scientific Knowledge is accessed via senses, intuition, revelation and experience. We know that, moving close to the fire will get hurt and burned. So, he or she gains the knowledge by physical sense - seeing, sound, touch, smell and experience .Other gain knowledge by intuition and revelation. Intuition is the strong feeling or hunch and Revelation is supernatural source, such as god, divinity etc. knowledge obtained through experience, intuition, revelations are treated as private knowledge. Objective testing is not conducted on Non scientific methods. Non Scientific knowledge hold, that the world cannot be understood by science, but rather by religious revelations, mystical experience, or literary deconstructionism.
Scientific experiment can be repeated several times to prove the results are correct in all the cases of observation carried out. Scientific method uses method of trial and error. Trial and error is equivalent to scientific methods, Scientist use more details way of understanding of problem .Whereas in case of non scientific method, it is just prediction or forecasting the event with the help of hunch or strong feeling. This won't give the same result all the time. But there is no fundamental difference between two - scientific and non Scientific(Barrow,1991) For Example, Car mechanic use his hunch to solve the problem arise in Car, but scientist solve same problem with details examination and causes for the problem. Sometimes Car mechanic can solve the problem so earlier than Scientist. From this, we can't predict scientific knowledge of no use.
In order to prove this, Gallup Poll conducted survey in March 2001 among Americans, in topic -"Creationism and evolution". In that survey nearly 57 % for Creationism, 33% for evolution and 10% are not sure about the problem" (Gallup News Service, 2001).
Best example is Physical Science, show why scientific knowledge is more credible and reliable knowledge than Non scientific knowledge. According to Lakatos, No scientific theories or hypothesis should be accepted without proper verification from other Scientist and Scientist community. Sir Isaac Newton who is the "Father of Physics", so people had blind faith on him. Newton published the final version of his theory "Opticks" in 1704.Everyone accepted it without any reference and practical experiments (example for non Scientific knowledge).
These levels are classified by stability, size and in built properties. These levels are made up of quantum, atomic and molecules of the universe (Silk, 2001).
Some of the characteristics are:
There is temporal relation between these levels for development of the universe.
Steady and Stable process, to built these level from the basic
Course of time is required for the development of the level and their hierarchy.
Universe follow the natural algorithm of evolution (Dennett, 1995), for achieving these level of stability in all process and hierarchy.
Combine these data with the help of proper communication in all level (analysis, design and implementation)
1. Accurate within the domain 2. Increase the existing knowledge 3. Simple objective 4. Respect the difference in opinion 5. Stiff in opinion is always wrong
Understand the complete problem as whole one.