35. Name and expand the main ideas and principles of the post-non-classical science.

In present period, in the last third of our century we are witnesses of new radical changes in the science bases. These changes can be characterized as the fourth global scientific revolution during which the new post-nonclassical science is born. Intensive use of scientific knowledge practically in all spheres of social life, the change of the nature of scientific activities connected with revolution in means of storage and knowledge acquisition (the science computerization, emergence of difficult and expensive instrument complexes which serve research collectives and function similar to means of industrial production, etc.) changes nature of scientific activities. Along with disciplinary researches cross-disciplinary and problem-oriented forms of research activities are more and more put in the forefront. Specifics of modern science of the end of the 20th century are determined by comprehensive research programs in which specialists of various areas of knowledge take part. In the process of determination of research priorities along with actually informative purposes the purposes of economic and socio-political nature begin to play the increasing role.

Post-nonclassical science (the 2nd half of XX in)

The fundamentals of post-nonclassical science are 4 theories:

1) Theory of systems

2) Theory of self-organization (synergetrics)

3) Management theory

4) Theory of information (Claude Shenon) (opening of algorithms of compression)

Later the mess (2025), a hypothesis of the small world joined them a memetika (Richard Dokens), the game theory (John Nash), the Theory of chaos, the law

Principles of postnonclassical science:

1) Syncretism (inseparability of knowledge and value) (technology and ethics)

2) Synergysm (theories of self-organization and development of systems of any nature. In this regard there is more and more becoming stronger idea of the world not only as about spontaneous integrity, but also about as unstable, unstable, nonequilibrium, uncertainty)

3) Principle of integrity (awareness of need of a global comprehensive view of the world.)

4) The end of division on natural and the humanities

5) Emergence of cross-disciplinary knowledge (biochemistry, biophysics)

6) The idea of a coevolution (Moiseyev, the idea (principle) of a coevolution, i.e. integrated interdependent change of systems or parts in whole.)

7) Rapprochement of scientific and nonscientific knowledge (phenomenon of alternative science)

8) Concept of the positive role of chaos

36. Make the analysis of the socio-cultural environment of Kazakhstan science (5 parameters).

Socio-cultural adaptation determines the ability to effectively interact with a new cultural environment. That involves the acquisition of social skills relevant to the new social environment, which as a result make it possible to solve socio-cultural problems in everyday life. In other words, it is the quantity and quality of relations with the local population, knowledge of language, legislation and peculiarities of a new culture. Important factors which influence the process of socio-cultural adaptation is the similarities and differences between «native culture» of the immigrant ethnic and «new culture». Dynamics of social well-being was measured by such indicators as the economic situation of the family (employment), assessment of own financial situation, source of livelihood, relations with the local population. We believe that more successful processof social adaptation in a new social environment is, social wellbeing of ethnic immigrants would be better. There is a following tendency: the dependence of the level of well-being from their own material security. Immigrants with high material yield, as a rule, fully are satisfied that, undoubtedly, positively affects the social wellbeing of ethnic immigrants. Unlike more successful in material terms, immigrants with low incomes feel more insecure, which manifests itself in a low level of adaptation to the Kazakhstani society. Thus, we believe that the degree of success of passing of process of social adaptation and integration of ethnic repatriates to modern Kazakh society has a decisive impact on the social wellbeing. As part of the Kazakh Diaspora, ethnic settlers mostly kept certain aspects of the Kazakh culture, traditions and way of life. This situation may contribute to or, conversely, interfere with cultural integration. In this context, two things should be noted: the country of origin and region of settlement. This is evident, for example, the great commitment of national Kazakh culture and traditions are demonstrated in South Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda, Mangistau oblast. In these regions the socio-cultural adaptation of ethnic migrants occurs more easily than in Northern and Central. Integrating the Northern and Central regions ethnic returnees face many challenges. This is due to varied socio-cultural relations. Since Soviet times, the Kazakh culture in these areas were under significant influence of other cultural and ethnic groups. In particular, the prevalence of the Russian language and culture in these regions means that ethnic migrants living there, will need more time to adapt to local conditions. Although ethnic immigrants have the same roots with the Kazakhs, there is a difference in culture and customs. This is because ethnic immigrants has conserved the traditional Kazakh culture and lifestyle, whereas Kazakhs in Kazakhstan have adapted, first, to the effect that occurred during the Soviet period, and recent developments in the transition to a market economy. Ethnic Kazakhs, especially coming from CIS countries, most of them are more religious than the local Kazakhs.