Урок 15. Passive Voice – страдательный залог (общие сведения)

1. Вставьте один из следующих глаголов в нужной форме в пропущенные места:

Cause, damage, hold, include, invite, make, overtake, show, translate, write

1. Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving.

2. Cheese _____________________ from milk.

3. The roof of the building ___________________ in a storm a few days ago.

4. There’s no need to leave a tip. Service _________________ in the bill.

5. You _________________ to the wedding. Why didn't you go?

6. A cinema is a place where films _____________________ .

7. In the United States, elections for President ___________________ every four years.

8. Originally the book _________________ in Spanish and a few years ago it into English.

9 We were driving along quite fast but we _____________________ by lots of other cars.

2. Прочтите текст об изготовлении бокалов. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в форме Present Simple Passive.

Champagne, the king of wines and wine of kings, tastes all the better when it 1. is drunk (drink) from an elegant, fine-quality glass. That, however, is only one of thousands of ways glass 2________________­­__ (use) today. And for all those different uses, many different types of glass 3__________________­­ (produce).

Glass products 4__________________­­ (manufacture) in different ways. Today, glass 5__________________­­ (blow) by hand in the traditional way which the Romans first developed, but now this work 6__________________­­ (do) by robots, too. Generally, in industry, much faster methods of mass production 7_________________­­ (need). Often, for example, glass 8__________________­­ (press) into the necessary shape by machine. Glass 9__________________­­ (shape) in other ways too. For example, it 10_________________­­ (make) into long, very thin fibres. Fibres like these 11__________________­­ (require) to make the fibre-optic cables that help to build the Information Super-Highway round the world.

3. Напишите вопросы в страдательном залоге. Некоторые из них в настоящем времени, некоторые – в прошлом.

1. Ask about the telephone. (when/invent?) When was the telephone invented?

2. Ask about glass. (how/make?) How _____________________?

3. Ask about Australia. (when/discover?) ________________________?

4. Ask about silver. (what/use for?) _________________________?

5. Ask about television. (when/invent?) __________________________?

4. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в нужном времени (present или past) и залоге.

1. It’s a big factory. Five hundred people are employed (employ) there.

2. Water __________ (cover) most of the Earth’s surface.

3. Most of the Earth’s surface ­____________ (cover) by water.

4. The park gates __________ (lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening.

5. The letter __________ (post) a week ago and it __________ (arrive) yesterday.

6. The boat __________ (sink) quickly but fortunately everybody __________ (rescue).

7 Ron’s parents __________ (die) when he was very young. He and his sister __________ (bring) up by their grandparents.

8. I was born in London but I __________ (grow) up in the north of England.

9. While I was on holiday, my camera __________ (steal) from my hotel room.

10. While I was on holiday, my camera __________ (disappear) from my hotel room.

11. Why __________ (Sue/resign) from her job? Didn’t she enjoy it?

12. Why __________ (Bill/sack) from his job? What did he do wrong?

13. The company is not independent. It __________ (own) by a much larger company.

14. I saw an accident last night. Somebody __________ (call) an ambulance but nobody __________ (injure) so the ambulance __________ (not/need).

15. Where __________ (these photographs/take)? In London? __________ (you/take) them?

5.Перепишите предложения. Вместо “somebody/they/people” и т.д., напишите их в страдательном залоге.

1. Somebody cleans the room every day. The room is cleaned every day.

2. They cancelled all flights because of fog. All ____________________.

3. People don’t use this road very often. __________________.

4. Somebody accused me of stealing money. I _____________________.

5. How do people learn languages? How _____________________.

6. People advised us not to go out alone. __________________________.

6. Что означают эти слова? Используйте it can... или it can't... как указано в примере. (При необходимости воспользуйтесь словарём)

If something is

1. washable, it can be washed.

2. unbreakable, it _________________.

3. edible, it ___________________.

4. unusable, it __________________.

5. invisible, it ___________________.

6. portable, it ____________________.

7. Вставьте один из следующих глаголов в пропущенные места (в нужной форме): carry, cause, do, make, repair, send, spend, wake up

Иногда вам нужно будет использовать (“might have”, “could have” и т.д.).

1. The situation is serious. Something must be done before it's too late.

2. I haven’t received the letter. It might have been sent to the wrong address.

3. A decision will not __________________ until the next meeting.

4. I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to __________________ at 6.30 the next morning.

5. Do you think that less money should __________________ on ornaments?

6. This road is in very bad condition. It should __________________ a long time ago.

7. The injured man couldn't walk and had to __________________.

8. It’s not certain how the fire started but it might __________________ by an electrical fault.

8. Сделайте из предложений в действительном залоге предложения в Present Perfect Passive.

1. They first made cognac in 1643. Cognac has been made since 1643.

2. People drank wine over 5,000 years ago. _____________________________for over 5,000 years.

3. They first brewed beer near Munich almost 1,000 years ago. _____________________________ for almost 1,000 years.

4. People first bought beer in cans in 1935. _____________________________ since 1935.

5. They first produced whisky more than 700 years ago. _____________________________ for over 700 years.

6. People first sold Coca-Cola in 1886. _____________________________ since 1886.