Урок 28.

Infinitive – неопределенная форма глагола. Инфинитив в роли подлежащего, дополнения и обстоятельства.

Практические задания

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения, обращая особое внимание на инфинитив в отрицательной форме.

1. Learn to write well, or not to write at all (J. Dryden). 2. His resolve is not to seem the bravest, but to be it (Aeshylus). 3. To see what is right and not to do it is want of courage (Confucius). 4. Many mathematicians, of course, prefer not to believe this. 5. Live not to eat, but eat to live.

Упражнение 2. Переведите предложения, выделяя инфинитив в роли подлежащего. Вспомогательный глагол would в 3 и 4 предложениях передает сослагательное наклонение (сказуемое с частицей бы).

1. То err is human, to forgive divine. 2. To choose the right time is to save time. 3. To do that now would make them traitors. 4. To solve this problem would justify all the costs. 5. To construct an experiment of this kind seems nearly impossi­ble. 6. It was difficult to sell my car. 7. It is nice to be with you. 8. It's pointless to go there now. 9. It's unusual to see Pete with a girl.

Упражнение 3. Переведите, выделяя инфинитив в роли дополнения.

1. Distance helps us to see similarities; nearness helps us to see differences. 2. We attempted to carry out this investigation.3. You are welcome to adopt or adapt my rules as you see fit. 4. They preferred not to change the conditions. 5. Anyone can learn to use these tools. 5. He tried to save all his money.

Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения, выделяя инфинитив в роли обстоятельства.

1. То perform this work one must have all necessary equip­ment. 2. It is too urgent a matter to postpone. 3. Specifications must be precise enough to be testable. 4. In order to demon­strate the effect we give Table 1. 5. A small computer company announced a computer small enough to set on a desktop and powerful enough to support high level language programming. 6. These conflicting views suffice to indicate the complexity of the problem. 7. The Navy was too new, too small and not experienced enough to resist the enemy's fleet.

Упражнение 5. Переведите предложения, определяя, какую роль (подлежащего или обстоятельства) играет инфинитив.

1. То do nothing is to have nothing. 2. To do something one must have something. 3. To make this method effective requires some more efforts. 4. To make a method more effective we must pay special attention to its applicability in a particular case. 5. To meet these requirements some facilities must be provided. 6. To meet all these demands requires time.

Урок 29. Инфинитив в роли определения и вводного члена предложения. Употребление инфинитива в составе сказуемого.

Упражнение 1. Переведите, выделяя инфинитив в роли определения.

1. Old wood is best to burn, old wine to drink, old friend to trust, and old author to read (F. Bacon). 2. One must have a home to come to. 3. There are also opposing factors to consider. 4. This correspondence dealt with books published or to be published. 5. The ability to create exists in every individual in varying degree. 6. He felt that the only thing to do was to study their methods and ideas. 7. Thomas was the first to focus attention on this type of reaction. 8. He had only himself to thank.

Упражнение 2. Переведите предложения, выделяя инфинитив в роли вводного члена предложения.

1. This does, to be sure, simplify the measurement some­what. 2. To judge by the results obtained, the postulate of these workers proved correct. 3. And to conclude, he is to be highly imaginative too. 4. The first, fourth and seventh examples, to mention only a few, are of no use. 5. To put is mildly, he is wrong.

Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения, в которых в той или иной форме используется инфинитив.

1. То know everything is to know nothing. 2. Let us trust but not too much. 3. To be is to do (Socrates). 4. To do is to be (Sartre). 5. You must look into people as well as at them. 6. It must be hard to live on your salary. 7. We shall have to considerably reconstruct the programs. 8. We are to meet these requirements. 9. The important thing is to understand what you are doing, rather than (to) get the right answer. 10. They were to consider all possible alternatives. 11. It is better to under­stand a little than to misunderstand a lot (A. France).

Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения, уделяя особое внима­ние инфинитиву в разных функциях.

1. For him, however, obstacles existed only to overcome. 2. To think is to see (H. de Balzac). 3. It is easier to pull down than to build. 4. It is easy to be brave from a safe distance (Aesop). 5. It is easy to be wise after the event. 6. It is a woman's privilege to change her mind. 7. Houses are built to live in, and not to look at (F. Bacon). 8. It is a very hard undertaking to seek to please everybody (P. Syrus). 9. One of the best ways to understand something is to try to explain it to others. 10. One must take into consideration new developments in this field. 11. We were to determine all the criteria by purely economic considerations. 12. They failed to consider the possible results. 13. These approaches are too complicated to use them under these conditions. 14. Some molecules are large enough to see on the electron microscope. 15. The business of a handbook is to tell you how to translate knowledge into action.

Упражнение 5. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Сделать это значит помочь ему. 2. Чтобы сделать эту работу вовремя, он должен начать ее сейчас. 3. Эта проблема слишком сложная, чтобы решить ее сразу же (at once1) 4. Нам пришлось пересмотреть эту программу. 5. Наша цель заключается в том, чтобы удовлетворить эти требова­ния. 6. Мы должны понимать друг друга (each other). 7. Для начала, давайте рассмотрим их предложение (proposition) 8. Для того чтобы понять рассматриваемую проблему, вы должны прочитать эту статью.