III. Answer the questions:

1. What do legal regulations usually govern?

2. What are the main legal regulations concerning parts of the car?

3. What kind of conduct falls under the concept of an offence of « strict liability »?

4. Who can be liable for such an offence?

5. What are the penalties for such an offence?

1. In which other cases can a driver still be prosecuted?

2. When can endorsement be avoided?

3. What dp the construction and the regulation provide for?

4. What kind of penalty is expected for uninsured use of a vehicle?

10) Whom are random checks for defects usually carried out?

Owning a Home.

I. Study the vocabulary:

Conveyancing - право власності

to do conveyancing - виконувати процедуру право власносп

an accommodation - житло

running costs - поточні витрати

capital out lays - загальна сума капіталу

to sue for negligence - позов за недобросовісність

an estate egent - агент з нерухомості

to charge fees - назначите ціну

a legal point - правове питания

to seek legal redress ~ звертатися за відшкодовуванням збитюв

to obtain a mortgage - отримувати позику під заставу

to lend - давати в борг

to be reluctant - неохочий

property - власність ,майно

to handle legal matters - займатись правовым питаниям

a bargain — вдала покупка

a legally crucial point - важливе правове питания

to observe - виконувати

to be bound - by - бути забов'язаним

to make an offer -робити пропозищю

II. Read and learn the text of the topic:

There are four stages to buying a home:

Stage 1. Finding the house and raising the capital.

Stage 2. The Tre-Contract' Stage.

Stage 3. Contract to Conveyance.

Stage 4. The Conveyance itself.

'Conveyancing' is the legal process of transferring rights of ownership - called 'title' - from a seller of a house to a buyer. A question that is often asked by people who want to buy (or sell) their home is: Can I do my own conveyancing? There is no legal reason why one should not do it oneself. But the process is complex and time consuming. Many of the documents that have to be used are technical and hard to understand; an advantage of this is that a solicitor can be sued for negligence in the rare event of something going wrong.

The main problems here are not legal ones. The buyer must decide what type of accommodation to buy, where it is to be, what jobs or schools are available in the area, are there enough bedrooms etc. It is important to think about all these questions since the answers to them may affect whether the accommodation can be afforded. The running costs must be considered as well as the capital outlay.

Many people use an estate agent to help them find a new home. Potential buyers can go to as many agents as they want; this will cost nothing. Estate agents charge fees, usually two per cent of the sale price, to the seller of the house. Another way is to study the advertisements in local newspaper for the area. Unless there is great urgency, it is worth taking a little time over this in order to get a feel for prices in the area.

One legal point that may arise is that if a potential buyer feels he has been discriminated against on grounds either of race or sex, he may be able to seek legal redress.

8The next important question is whether the potential buyer has the capital with which to buy the property and if not, whether a mortgage can be obtained? The buyer must start thinking about finance well before he finds a home. Many building societies will not lend to people who have not saved with them for a certain time (say, six months or a year). Some building societies do not like to lend on certain types of property, such as older property or flats. Others are reluctant to lend in certain areas, e.g., an area threatened with a redevelopment scheme or new road building. And shop around. Different building societies have different lending policies.

If building society cannot help, it is always worth asking whether local authority mortgages are available from the local council offices. In some circumstances it may be possible to arrange house purchase finance from an insurance company or finance company or even by a private loan from the bank.

If a buyer wishes to use a lawyer, it may help to have a word with a firm of solicitors beforehand to see if they will be .prepared to act. Most firms of solicitors do conveyancing. When a mortgage is sought from a building society, they will be using solicitors are since they may be prepared to act for the buyer as well It is usually undesirable for the buyer to use the same solicitors as the seller.

Once a suitable house or flat has been found an offer will be made (either to the estate agent or direct to the owner).

Then» is one legally crucial point to observe, however .Whatever kind of offer is made, it should be made * subject to contract'. What this means is that neither side is bound by the offer until contracts are exchanged with the seller.