III. Answer the questions:

1. What documents is a foreign traveler required to present before boarding the plane?

2. Why are the travelers' passports inspected and their luggage checked?

3. Where can you get informed with the details of customs regulations?

4. How may the accuracy of the filed declaration be verified?

5. What substances restricted for importation?

6. What are the reasons for customs restrictions?

7. What articles must be declared by U.S. residents and visitors?

8. What penalties may be imposed for violating U.S. Customs Regulations?

9. What are the regulations for importing currency and monetary instruments?

10. What is the difference in duty free exemption for U.S. residents and non-residents?

Immigration

I. Study the vocabulary:

to seek - шукати

swelling population - населения, що збільшується

racial, religious and cultural make-up -

to specify, to spell out - визначати

permanent residence - постійне проживания

citizenship - громадянство

an authorization to travel – дозвіл на пересування (туриста)

to be departed - бути депортованому

to be subject to deportation - підлягати депортации

to be curbed - бути скороченим (обмеження)

extensive FBI background checks - розширені особисті nepeвірки ФБР

scrutiny - уважне вивчення

visa-processing delays – відстрочки у отриманні візи

to enforce a law - запроваджувати договір

to notify - повідомляти

facial recognition technology - технология розпізнавання обличь

fingerprints - відбитки пальців

to be tamperproof- який не може бути підроблений, непідробний

identity documents - документи підтверджуючі особистість

to track - відстежувати

to deter terrorism - запобігти прояву тероризму

to ensure visa compliance - забезпечувати виконання візового режиму

II. Read and learn the text of the topic:

Many countries, such as the United States were built by immigrants who were seeking a new life in a new land. Early in the nation's history, anyone could move the United States. After 1882, however, the swelling populations prompted the federal government to begin making laws to control immigration and preserve the racial, religion and cultural make up of the USA. Law specified quotas limiting the number of entrance of certain nationalities.

More than 1,3 mln. people, 340 000 vehicles and 58 000 shipments of imported goods enter the US every day. Immigration policy spells out who can enter, how long they could stay and whether or not they can apply for permanent residence or citizenship. Until 2003, the immigration and border control policies set forth by Congress and the White House were managed by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). However, the INS was widely criticized after the September 11 terrorist attacks, and policy makers came to realize that immigration was an important aspect of national security. As a result, many immigration functions are now handle by the Department of Homeland Security.

US government policy specifies several categories of immigrants

Legal immigrants come to the United States seeking to establish permanent residence. They may choose to apply for permanent resident status (popularly known as 'getting green card'. These residents receive and responsibilities of US citizens/ Permanent residents may apply for US citizenship after living in the country for 5 years.

Illegal immigrants make up a significant number of arrivals each year. About 60 percent of illegal immigrants enter the country by crossing a US border illegally or by misrepresenting themselves/

The other 40 percent enter the country legally, but stay beyond the limits of their visas, or authorizations to travel to the USA. By law. illegal immigrants can be deported. However, many Americans look the other way because illegal immigrants commonly work at jobs essential to the US economy.

Non-immigrants enter and exit the country legally with temporary visas. These are foreign government officers, guest workers, tourists, businesspeople, or students. To enter the country they must

have visas that specify the purpose and length of their visit. If they stay longer than their visas allow, they become illegal aliens subject to deportation.

Because terrorism has been inextricable linked with foreigners, many people demanded that immigration be curbed or cut off, until better enforcement and tracking mechanism could be enacted. Since 2001, many foreigners trying to immigrate to the USA have faced longer waits and extensive FBI background checks. In addition workers and vacationers have faced increase scrutiny and visa-processing delays. In 2002 immigration officials began enforcing a 1952 law that required legal permanent residents of the United States to notify officials within ten days of changing their address or face deportation. A new law required that all US identity documents issued to foreigners after 2003 contain fingerprints of facial recognition technology and be temper proof.

In January 2004, the Department of Homeland security implemented US visit, a new program to track foreign arrivals at nearly 130 airports and seaports.

By taking fingerprints and photographs of all visitors (except diplomats' travellers from Mexico and Canada) officials hope to deter terrorists and ensure visa compliance.