Содержание

Общество, зависимое от информации 5

История создания компьютеров 9

Компьютерные системы 14

Функциональная организация компьютера 20

Запоминающее устройство 24

Центральное процессорное устройство, ЦПУ 29

Устройство ввода – вывода 34

Персональные компьютеры 42

Автоматизация производственных процессов 49

Список использованных источников 55

UNIT 1

INFORMATION-DEPENDENT SOCIETY

1. Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 1.

computer literacy— компьютерная грамотность

problem-solving device — устройство, обеспечивающее решение задачи

be aware of— понимать, сознавать

opportunity— возможность

basics — основы

application — применение; использование

to restate— пересмотреть, переосмыслить significant— значительный

achievements — достижения

computing — вычисление; счет; работа на компьютере

to embrace — охватывать

dimension — измерение

instruction — команда, инструкция, указание

to direct the operation — направлять работу

to process — обрабатывать

subscription magazine - журнал no подписке

data processing system — система обработки данных

store manager— директор магазина

to have much in common — иметь много общего

2. Прочтите текст и скажите, как вы понимаете термины «информационное общество» и «компьютерная грамотность».

Text 1. COMPUTER LITERACY

Informed citizens of our information-dependent society should be computer-literate, which means that they should be able to use computers as everyday problem-solving devices. They should be aware of the potential of computers to influence the quality of life.

There was a time when only privileged people had an opportunity to learn the basics, called the three R's: reading, writing, and arithmetics. Now, as we are quickly becoming an information-becoming society, it is time to restate this right as the right to learn reading, writing and computing. There is little doubt that computers and their many applications are among the most significant technical achievements of the century. They bring with them both economic and social changes. "Computing" is a concept that embraces not only the old third R, arithmetics, but also a new idea — computer literacy.

In an information society a person who is computer-literate need not be an expert on the design of computers. He needn't even know much about how to prepare programs which are the instructions that direct the operations of computers. All of us are already on the way to becoming computer-literate. Just think of your everyday life. If you receive a subscription magazine in the post-office, it is probably addressed to you by a computer. If you buy something with a bank credit card or pay a bill by check, computers help you process the information. When you check out at the counter of your store, a computer assists the checkout clerk and the store manager. When you visit your doctor, your schedules and bills and special services, such as laboratory tests, are prepared by computer. Many actions that you have taken or observed have much in common. Each relates to some aspect of a data processing system.