Майбутній час

1. Викладач буде пояс- The teacher will explain

нювати новий матеріал new material tomorrow.

2. Новий матеріал завтра. New material will be

буде пояснений explained by the teacher

викладачем tomorrow.

3 . Викладач пояс - The teacher will have

нить новий мате - explained new material

ріал завтра до tomorrow by the end of

кінця першого the first lesson.

4. Новий матеріал уроку. New material will have been

буде пояснений explained by the teacher by

викладачем the end of the first lesson.

Вправа 11. Перекладіть англійською мовою, перевіряючи власний варіант за допомогою ключа.

Ключ:

щодня. are sent every day.

зараз. are being sent now.

(а) 1. Листи The

висилають кожного тижня. letters are sent every week.

вже дві години. have been sent for two

hours.

вчора. were sent yesterday.

2. Листи сьогодні. The have been sent today.

вислали до того, як letters had been sent before

ви прийшли. you came.

, коли я прийшов. were being sent when I

3. Листи The came.

висилали вчора в цей час. letters were being sent at this

time yesterday.

завтра. will be sent tomorrow.

4. Листи до того, як The will have been sent

вишлють ви прийдете. letters before you come.

Ключ:

(б) 1. Коли було побудовано 1. When was the new building of

нову будівлю МГУ? – У 1953 Moscow University completed?

році на Ленінських схилах по - - The new building of the university

будували нову будівлю was completed on the Lenin Hills

університету. in 1953.

2. Нову будівлю МГУ буду- 2. The new building of Moscow

вали, коли я вступила на University was being built when I

історичний факультет. entered the History Faculty.

3. Нову будівлю МГУ вже 3. A new building of the university

побудували, коли я вступила had already been built when I entered

на історичний факультет. the History Faculty.

4. Чи буде збудовано ще одну 4. Will another building of the

будівлю університету у university be built in the near future?

близькому майбутньому?

5. Готель „Інтурист” побуду - 5. The Intourist Hotel has been built

вали поруч з готелем next to the National Hotel.

„Національ”.

6. Багато прекрасних будівель 6. A lot of beautiful buildings have

побудували у Москві been built in Moscow lately.

останнім часом.

7. Щорічно у Москві буду- 7. New metro lines are built in

ються нові лінії метро. Moscow every year.

Вправа 12. Перекладіть англійською.

1. Усі телеграми відправлені? – Ще ні, половина телеграм відправлена вчора. Інші, крім трьох, надруковані. Останні зараз друкують. Їх надрукують хвилин через двадцять. 2. Багато будинків було зруйновано у Києві під час війни; більшість з них відбудовано і багато нових будується зараз. 3. Кожний рік за допомогою розвинутих держав будується багато нових об’єктів у країнах, що розвиваються. 4. Коли журналіст приїхав у Ташкент після землетрусу, там відбудовувалось багато шкіл та інших громадських будівель. Зараз Ташкент – місто з широкими зеленими вулицями, житловими кварталами, сучасними магазинами. Вони були збудовані за останні 20 років. 5. Переговори все ще ведуться? –Як повідомляють у пресі, вони підходять до кінця. Але угода не досягнута дотепер. 6. На цю книжку зараз великий попит. Але якщо ви хочете купити її, ідіть на вулицю Горького у магазин „Дружба”. Вона зараз там продається. 7. Не входьте до кімнати. Зараз екзаменують студента Петрова. Його екзаменують уже 20 хвилин. 8. Що відбувається у бібліотеці? - Там зараз обговорюються нові книжки. Їх обговорюють вже годину. 9. Викладач попросив студента вивчити це правило самостійно, оскільки воно було вже пояснено. „Ви були неуважні, коли це правило пояснювалось”, - сказав він. 10. Мій батько народився у 1926 році. Йому було 17 років, коли він добровольцем пішов у армію в 1943 році. Його декілька разів нагороджували за хоробрість. Він був поранений і довго лікувався після війни. Війна залишила слід у житті кожної сім’ї. Брата моєї матері було вбито на фронті. 11. Більше сорока років тому на Радянський Союз напала фашистська Німеччина. Більше двадцяти мільйонів людей було вбито на цій війні. Мирні люди ненавидять війну, але не тому, що вони бояться її. Вони знають, як захистити себе. Їх прагнення до миру виходить з самої природи гуманістично налаштованої людини. Саме тому пропаганда війни у нашій країні заборонена законом.

Вправа 13. Перекладіть українською, звертаючи увагу на переклад пасивних конструкцій.

1. Have all the telegrams been sent off?-Not yet. Half of the telegrams were sent off yesterday. The rest of them, except three, have been typed. The last ones are being typed now. They will be typed in twenty minutes. 2. Many houses were destroyed in Kyiv during the war; most of them have been rebuilt and many new ones are being built now. 3. Every year many new projects are built in developing countries with our assistance. 4. When the reporter came to Tashkent after the earthquake many schools and other public facilities were being rebuilt. Today Tashkent is a city with broad green streets, blocks of flats, office buildings and modern shops. They have been built over the past twenty years. 5. Are the negotiations still being conducted? – According to the press they are coming to an end. No agreement has been reached so far. 6. This book is now in great demand. But if you want to buy it, go to Gorky Street to the shop “Friendship”. It’s being sold there now. 7. Don’t enter the room. Student Petrov is being examined now. He has been examined for twenty minutes. 8. What’s happening in the library now? – New books are being discussed. They have been discussed for an hour. 9. The teacher asked the student to learn the rule by himself as it has already been explained. “You were not attentive when this rule was being explained,” he said. 10. My father was born in 1926. He was seventeen when he volunteered for the army in 1943. He was awarded several times for bravery. He was wounded and went through a long recovery after the war. The war has left a mark in the life of every family. My mother’s brother was killed in action. 11. More then forty years ago the Soviet Union was attacked by fascist Germany. Twenty million people were killed in this war. The peace-loving people hate war, but not because they fear it. They know how to defend themselves. Their desire for peace stems from the very nature of the humanistic system. That’s why war propaganda in our country has been prohibited by law.

Вправа 14. Прочитайте тексти. Зверніть увагу на переклад українською мовою виділених дієслів в Passive Voice. Перевірте свій варіант за ключем.

From the History of St. Petersburg Ключ:

St. Isaac’s Cathedral in St. Petersburg had three

predecessors. The first was built of wood in було побудовано

1710 on the bank of the Neva where the

monument to Peter the First stands now.

In the middle of the 18th century it was

pulled down. було знесено

Construction of the first St. Isaac’s Cathedral

was begun in 1768, farther back from the було почато (почалось)

river on a new city square. It was opened in було відкрито

1802. The cathedral, which was hastily було

capped with an unfinished belfry, did not завершено

harmonize with the magnificently built city

centre and ten years later it was decided that було вирішено

a new one should be built. A contest was було об’явлено

announced and the project submitted by the

architect Montferrand was selected. A special було вибрано

commission revised it somewhat, and in

1818 the сonstruction of the present

St. Isaac’s Cathedral began. The

interior is decorated with malachite, marble прикрашено

and sculptures by Vitali and Claudt, as well

as mosaics and paintings by Bryullov and

Bruni.

__________________________

predecessor [‘pri:disesƏ] – попередник; wood – дерево; hastily – поспішно; belfry – дзвіниця; magnificent – чудовий, пишний; contest – конкурс; to submit – зд. подавати на розгляд; to revise [ri’vaiz] – виправити; marble – мармур.

About Boxing Ключ:

Boxing is an old sport going back to the

days of ancient Greece where it was an

important part of the Olympic Games. The

Olympics were held during the hottest проводились

part of the summer, and the boxers were натирали

rubbed with oil to limit perspiration. Their

hands were bound with heavy leather strips обв’язані

often loaded with lead or iron. So fighters

were frequently maimed for life. There were покалічений

no rounds and no time limits - the men fought

until one of them was considered defeated. вважався

_____________________________

perspiration [рэ:spirein] – піт; leather [‘lede] – шкіра; strip – смужка, шматочок; lead [led] – свинець; to maim – калічити; defeated – переможений.

Вправа 15. (на розвиток навичок усного мовлення)

Побудуйте речення за зразком, вживаючи пасивний стан. Перевірте правильність за ключем. Поставте реченя у питальну та заперечну форму.

E. g. 1 The vase (to break) – The vase has been broken.

Ключ:

1. the flowers (to water) The flowers have been watered.

2. the dishes (to wash) The dishes have been washed.

3. the basket (to empty) The basket has been emptied.

4. the supper (to cook) The supper has been cooked.

E. g. 2 What’s going on in the hall? (to hold a meeting) – A meeting is being held there.

Ключ:

1. What’s going on in the The trees are being planted

garden? (to plant trees) there.

2. What’s going on in The students are being

room 10? (to examine examined there.

students)

3. What’s going on in the The birthday cake is

the kitchen? (to make a being made there.

birthday cake)

Вправа 16. Програйте у особах і вивчіть подані нижче короткі діалоги. Звертайте увагу на вживання дієслівних форм у пасивному стані.

Ключ:

(1)- Is this seat taken? - Це місце зайнято?

- I’m afraid it is. - Боюсь, що так.

(2) - Excuse me for - Вибачте (мене),

being late. що я запізнився.

- What happened? - Що трапилось?

- I was held up by the - Мене затримав

traffic. транспорт.

(3)- Where is this ra- - Де зроблено цей

dio set made? радіоприймач?

-It’s made in Riga. - Він зроблений у Ризі.

- Where is it sold? - Де він продається?

- I think it’s sold by - Я думаю, у багатьох

many shops selling ra- магазинах, що продають

dio goods. радіотовари.

(4) - Passengers are - Пасажирів просять

requested to walk to the пройти на посадку до

plane (Exit 5). Passengers літака (вихід 5). Пасажирів, які

leaving for St. Petersburg, flight 125, летять у Санкт-Петербург рей-

are requested to register. сом 125, просять зареєструватися.

- Will any meal be served - Чи будуть давати їжу

on the plane? у літаку?

Вправа 17. Прочитайте поданий нижче текст. Випишіть речення з дієсловами в пасивному стані і поясніть їх вживання. Перекажіть зміст тексту.

Stamps

In 1840, Rowland Hill’s Penny Stamp Act became law. Under this law, letters were paid for by weight. Previously, they had been charged according to the distance or number of sheets. It also became compulsory to pay for postage in advance. This had not always been done before and often people had refused to pay for letters which were delivered to them. Stamps were introduced in 1840 as an easy way of checking that postage had been paid. As Britain was the first country to use stamps widely, the country’s name was not written on them. However, the head of the ruling monarch appears on every stamp.

__________________________

previously – попередньо; to charge – призначити ціну; sheet - лист; compulsory – обов’язково; to deliver – вручати.

Вправа 18. Прочитайте цю історію. Поставте питання до речень з дієсловами в пасивному стані. Складіть план розповіді.

Animal Theatre

The world’s only theatre in which animals act was opened in Moscow in 1980. It is a children’s theatre.

There are 300 actors in the troupe. Some of them have joined it by accident. It was Plut (Rogue), the cat, who walked into the theatre from the street. However, he proved to be a capable actor and was given place on the program. Lorika, a tiny lemur, was found in a box of bananas. It apparently fell asleep, was packed and sent on long voyage. Several bears were brought to the theatre after the Olympic shows in Moscow, in which they played the part of living emblems of the XXII Olympic Games.

In the future the theatre intends to extend its repertoire. For instance, it is planned to stage fables in which the part of the Fox will be played by a fox, the part of the Wolf – by a wolf.

Today modern plays make up the larger part of the theatre repertoire which until recently was dominated by classics. But of course, this does not mean that dramatists of the past are being neglected.

__________________________

capable – здібний; fables – байки; to neglect - зневажати.

Вправа 19. Заповніть пусті графи таблиці видо-часових форм дієслова to keep у 3-ій особі однини. Напишіть під кожним дієсловом український переклад.

Tense	Aspect
	Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present
Past
Future

Вправа 20. З англійських граматичних форм у правій колонці виберіть ту видо-часову форму дієслова, яку ви вжили б при перекладі поданих нижче речень.

1. Цей будинок був побудований у минулому році. a) built

б) was built

в) has been built

2. Цей будинок будувався, коли я повернулася у місто. а) was built

б) was being built

в) had been built

г) was building

3. Нові будинки будують кожний день. а) are being built

б) are built

в) have been built

4. Я впевнений, що будинок збудують до а) will be built

Нового року. б) is being built

в) will have been built

5. Зараз тут будується новий будинок. а) is being built

б) is building

в) is built

6. Цей будинок був вже збудований, а) has been built

коли я приїхав сюди. б) was built

в) had been built

7. Багато будинків буде збудовано у а) will built

наступному місяці. б) will be built

в) will have been built

г) will have built

8. Цей будинок побудували у цьому році. а) had built

б) has been built

в) is built

г) was built

9. Цей будинок будується уже п’ять місяців. а) has been built

б) is being built

в) is built

Вправа 21. Перекладіть англійською мовою тільки виділені дієслова.

Усі статті передруковані (1)? - Ні, тільки половину статей передруковано (2) учора. Інші, крім двох, надруковані (3). Останні зараз надрукують (4). Їх надрукують (5) до двох годин.

Вправа 22. Перекладіть англійською мовою.

1. Цей предмет викладали, коли ви були студентом? 2. Всі лекції відвідували, коли ви були студентом? 3. Коли було побудовано цей театр? 4. Які цікаві будинки будуються зараз в Україні? 5. Чи їздять зараз на концерти у Київ? 6. Зараз відвідують театральні вистави?

Вправа 23. Прочитайте текст, в якому всі присудки виражені в Passive Voice. Поставте спеціальні запитання до кожного речення.

Things go better with

Coca-Cola

Coca-Cola is enjoyed all over the world. 1/6 billion gallons are sold every year, in over one hundred and sixty countries. The drink was invented by Dr John Pemberton in Atlanta, on 8 May 1886, but it was given the name Coca-Cola by his partner, Frank Robinson. In the first year, only nine drinks a day were sold.

The business was bought by a man called Asa Candler in 1888, and the first factory was opened in Dallas, Texas, in 1895. Coca-Cola is still made there. Billions of bottles and cans have been produced since 1895.

Diet Coke has been made since 1982, and over the years many clever advertisements have been used to sell the product. (“Coca-Cola” and “Coke” are registered trademarks which identify the same product of the Coca-Cola Company). It is certain that Coca-Cola will be drunk far into the twenty-first century.

Вправа 24. Не дивлячись в текст, спробуйте передати інформацію, що міститься в ньому.

Вправа 25. Нижче подані відповіді на запитання до тексту „Things go better with Coca-Cola”. А які можуть бути питання?

• 1,6 billion gallons.

• In 1886.

• Only nine drinks a day.

• In Dallas.

• Since 1982.

Вправа 26. Уважно прочитайте текст і запам’ятайте ключові моменти. Будьте готові відповісти на запитання за текстом, вживаючи дієслова у пасивному стані.

MARKS & SPENCER

Britain’s favourite store

Marks & Spencer (or M&S) is Britain’s favorite store. Tourists love it too. It attracts a great variety of customers, from housewives to millionaires. The Duchess of York, Dustin Hoffman, and the British Prime Minister are just a few of its famous customers.

Last year it made a profit of £529 million, which is more than £10 million a week.

How did it all begin?

It all started 105 years ago, when a young Polish immigrant, Michael Marks, had a stall in Leeds market. He didn‘t have many things to sell: some cotton, a little wool, lots of buttons, and a few shoelaces. Above his stall he put the now famous notice:

DON’T ASK HOW MUCH –

IT’S A PENNY.

Ten years later, he met Tom Spenser and together they started Penny Stalls in many towns in the north of England. Today there are 564 branches of M&S all over the world – in America, Canada, Spain, France, Belgium, and Hungary.

What are the best-sellers?

Surprisingly, tastes in food and clothes are international. What sells well in Paris sells just as well in Newcastle. Their best-selling clothes are:

• For women: jumpers, bras, and knickers (M&S is famous for its knickers!)

• For men: shirts, socks, pyjamas, dressing gowns, and suits.

• For children: underwear and socks.

Best-sellers in food include: fresh chickens, bread, vegetables, and sandwiches. Chicken Kiev is internationally the most popular convenience food.

Why is M&S so successful?

The store bases its business on three principles: good value, good quality, and good service. Also, it changes with the times-once it was all jumpers and knickers. Now it’s food, furniture, and flowers as well. Top fashion designers advise on styles of clothes.

But perhaps the most important key to its success is its happy, well-trained staff. Conditions of work are excellent. There are company doctors, dentists, hairdressers, and even chiropodists to look after the staff, and all the staff can have lunch for under 40p!

Вправа 27. Не дивлячись в текст „Marks & Spencer”, відповідайте на запитання, в яких вжито Passive Voice.

1. A lot of customers are attracted by Britain‘s favorite store, from housewives to millionaires, aren’t they? 2. Who else is attracted by Marks & Spencer? 3. What profit was made last year? 4. How was the store arranged? 5. Were many things sold at the beginning? 6. Why are about 564 branches of M&S developed all aver the world today - in America, Canada, Spain, France, Belgium and Hungary? 7. What is sold well in Europe? 8. What foods are included in best-sellers? 9. How many principles is the business based on? 10. Is the assortment of goods changed with the times? 11. Are styles of clothes advised by top fashion designers?

Вправа 28. Поставте дієслова в дужках в правильному часі, активному або пасивному стані, що підходять за змістом тексту.

Nylon - The First Man-Made Fibre

Nylon (a) _______ (invent) in the early 1930s by an American chemist Julian Hill. Other scientists (b) _______ (work) with his invention and finally on 27 October 1938, Nylon (c) _______ (introduce) to the world. It was cheap and strong and immediately (d) _______ (become) successful, especially in the making of ladies’ stockings.

During the Second World War, the best present for many women was a pair of nylon stockings, but more importantly, it (e) _______ (use) to make parachutes and tyres.

Today, nylon (f) _______ (find) in many things: carpets, ropes, seat belts, furniture, computers, and even spare parts for the human body. It (g) _______ (play) an important part in our lives for over 50 years. Next year about 36 million tons of it (h) _______ (manufacture).

Вправа 29. Перекладіть українською мовою тільки виділені дієслова.

Many new towns are being built (1) in Siberia and in the Far East. Some of the towns were founded (2) about twenty years ago. The first construction teams were organized (3) in 1959 when the Moscow University physics students decided to spend their summer vacations working at construction projects. Since that time a lot of dwelling have been built (4) by the students of different institutes. Many students were awarded (5) orders and medals for their work during the “third semester”.

Примітка. Виконуючи вправи, що подані нижче, зверніть увагу на відмінювання дієслова to take в пасивному стані.

to be + 3 форма дієслова
Відмінювання дієслова to take (брати, відводити) у часах групи Simple y Passive Voice
Present Simple Passive
I am taken He is taken She is taken It is taken We are taken You are taken They are taken	I am not taken He is not taken She is not taken It is not taken We are not taken You are not taken They are not taken	Am I taken? Is he taken? Is she taken? Is it taken? Are we taken? Are you taken? Are they taken?

to be + 3 форма дієслова
Відмінювання дієслова to take (брати, відводити) у часах групи Simple y Passive Voice
Past Simple Passive
I was taken He was taken She was taken It was taken We were taken You were taken They were taken	I was not taken He was not taken She was not taken It was not taken We were not taken You were not taken They were not taken	Was I taken? Was he taken? Was she taken? Was it taken? Were we taken? Were you taken? Were they taken?
Future Simple Passive
I shall be taken He will be taken She will be taken It will be taken We shall be taken You will be taken They will be taken	I shall not be taken He will not be taken She will not be taken It will not be taken We shall not be taken You will not be taken They will not be taken	Shall I be taken? Will he be taken? Will she be taken? Will it be taken? Shall we be taken? Will you be taken? Will they be taken?

Порівняйте:

I take (я відводжу) - I am taken (мене відводять); I took (я відвів) - I was taken (мене відвели); I shall take (я відведу) - I shall be taken (мене відведуть).

Вправа 30. Перекладіть англійською мовою, вживаючи дієслова у Past Simple Active або Past Simple Passive.

Я розповів. - Мені розповіли. Я показав. - Мені показали. Вона привела. - Її привели. Ми запитали. - Нас запитали. Ми відповіли. - Нам відповіли. Ми послали. - Нас послали. Вони дали. - Їм дали. Він допоміг. - Йому допомогли. Він порадив. - Йому порадили. Він забув. - Його забули. Він згадав. - Його згадали. Ми запросили. - Нас запросили. Ми виправили. - Нас виправили. Він вилікував. - Його вилікували. Він покликав. - Його покликали. Вони зателефонували - Їм зателефонували.

Вправа 31. Перекладіть речення англійською мовою, вживаючи дієслова у Present, Past або Future Simple Passive.

Мені розказали. - Мені розказують. - Мені розкажуть.

Мені показали. - Мені показують. - Мені покажуть.

Її привели. - Її приводять. - Її приведуть.

Нас запитали. - Нас запитують. - Нас запитають.

Нам відповіли. - Нам відповідають. - Нам дадуть відповідь.

Нас послали. - Нас посилають. - Нас пошлють.

Їм дали. - Їм дають. - Їм дадуть.

Йому допомогли. - Йому допомагають. - Йому допоможуть.

Йому порадили. - Йому радять. - Йому порадять.

Його забули. - Його забувають. - Його забудуть.

Його згадали. - Його згадують. - Його згадають.

Нас запросили. - Нас запрошують. - Нас запросять.

Нас виправили. - Нас виправляють. - Нас виправлять.

Його покликали. - Його кличуть. - Його покличуть.

Нам принесли - Нам приносять. - Нам принесуть.

Нам купили - Нам купують. - Нам куплять.

Вправа 32. Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Simple Passive.

(USUALLY) 1. The postbox (to empty) every day. 2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office. 3. The letters (to sort) into different towns. 4. The mail (to load) into the train. 5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey. 6. The bags (to take) to the post office. 7. The letters (to sort) into different streets. 8. The letters (to deliver) to the addressees.

Вправа 33. Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Past Simple Passive.

(YESTERDAY) 1. The postbox (to empty) yеsterday. 2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office. 3. The letters (to deliver) to the different towns. 4. The mail (to load) into the train. 5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey. 6. The bags (to take) to the post office. 7. The letters (to deliver) to different streets. 8. The letters (to sort).

Вправа 34. Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Future Simple Passive.

(TOMORROW) 1. The postbox (to empty) tomorrow. 2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office. 3. The letters (to sort) into the different towns. 4. The mail (to load) into the train. 5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey. 6. The bags (to take) to the post office. 7. The letters (to sort) into different streets. 8. The letters (to deliver) to the addressees.

Вправа 35. Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present, Past або Future Simple Passive.

1. My question (to answer) yesterday. 2. Hockey (to play) in winter. 3. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn. 4. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London. 5. His new book (to finish) next year. 6. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets. 7. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703. 8. Bread (to eat) every day. 9. The letter (to receive) yesterday. 10. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week. 11. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday. 12. I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday. 13. Many houses (to build) in our town every year. 14. This work (to do) tomorrow. 15. This text (to translate) at the last lesson. 16. These trees (to plant) last autumn. 17. Many interesting games always (to play) at our English lessons. 18. This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow. 19. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday. 20. Lost time never (to find) again. 21. Rome (not to build) in a day.

Вправа 36. Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи потрібну форму дієслова.

1. At the station they will (meet, be met) by a man from the travel bureau. 2. She will (meet, be met) them in the hall upstairs. 3. The porter will (bring, be brought) your luggage to your room. 4. Your luggage will (bring, be brought) up in the lift. 5. You may (leave, be left) your hat and coat in the cloakroom downstairs. 6. They can (leave, be left) the key with the clerk downstairs. 7. From the station they will (take, be taken) straight to the hotel. 8. Tomorrow he will (take, be taken) them to the Russian Museum.

Вправа 37. Перекладіть англійською мовою, вживаючи дієслова у Present Simple Active або Present Simple Passive.

1. Я завжди хвалю моїх друзів. 2. Мене завжди хвалять вдома. 3. Щосуботи тато показує дідусеві мої оцінки. 4. Щосуботи татові показують мої оцінки. 5. Ми часто згадуємо вас. 6. Нас часто згадують у селі. 7. Мені дають сік щоранку. 8. Щоранку я даю кішці молоко. 9. Він щодня розповідає нам щось цікаве. 10. Йому щодня розповідають щось цікаве. 11. Я часто посилаю листи друзям. 12. Мене часто посилають на південь. 13. Мене часто запрошують у кіно. 14. Моїй сестрі часто допомагають у школі. 15. Я іноді забуваю взяти щоденник. 16. Він пише багато листів. 17. Книги Агати Крісті читають з інтересом. 18. Собаки люблять кістки. 19. Собак люблять у багатьох сім'ях. 20. Коли у вашій сім'ї п'ють чай? 21. Де зберігають старі листи? 22. Чому ці правила завжди забувають? 23. Чому ви завжди забуваєте ці правила? 24. Де живуть ваші друзі? 25. Де купують хліб? 26. Коли ставлять запитання?

Вправа 38. Перекладіть англійською мовою, вживаючи дієслова у Past Simple Active або Past Simple Passive.

1. Я порадив моєму другові записатись в спортивну секцію. 2. Мені порадили відвідувати спортивну секцію. 3. Я показав лікареві мої рани. 4. Мене показали лікареві. 5. Я дав своїй собаці кусок цукру. 6. Мені дали на обід суп. 7. Учора я попросив учителя допомогти мені. 8. Учора мене попросили допомогти однокласникові. 9. Минулого літа я навчив сестру плавати. 10. Минулого літа мене навчили плавати. 11. Учора нам ставили багато запитань на уроці. 12. Я відповів на всі запитання. 13. Учитель поставив мені хорошу оцінку. 14. Вдома мене похвалили. 15. Ці листи принесли вранці. 16. Мій портфель купили у минулому році. 17. Ті горіхи з'їли вчора. 18. Де ви купили цю книжку? 19. Де купили цю книжку?

20. Коли приготували обід? 21. Коли розбили чашку? 22. Коли ти розбив чашку? 23. Що йому обіцяли? 24. Коли полагодили машину? 25. Коли виправили помилку?

Вправа 39. Перекладіть англійською мовою, вживаючи дієслова у Future Simple Active або Future Simple Passive.

1. Нові ковзани куплять завтра. 2. Михайло попросить мене допомогти йому. 3. Михайла попросять розповісти про свою подорож.

4. Лікар попросить мене відкрити рота. 5. Лікаря попросять вилікувати мене. 6. Завтра я принесу новий фільм. 7. Завтра принесуть новий фільм. 8. Мій друг допоможе мені з математикою. 9. Моєму другові допоможуть з німецькою мовою. 10. Я куплю морозиво. 11. Квитки принесуть завтра. 12. Диктант писатимуть наступного вівторка. 13. Маму попросять не турбуватися. 14. Мамі дадуть чашечку кави. 15. Мама подякує лікареві. 16. Телеграма буде відправлена негайно. 17. Килим повісять на стіну. 18. Книги покладуть на полицю. 19. Коли відправлять лист? 20. Коли перевірять контрольну роботу? 21. Як будуть робити цю роботу?

Вправа 40. Поставте речення у Passive Voice, звертаючи увагу на місце прийменника.

E.g. We often speak about her. — She is often spoken about.

1.The senior students laughed at the freshman. 2.The group spoke to the headmistress yesterday. 3.The young mothers looked after their babies with great care. 4.Nobody lived in that old house. 5.They sent for Jim and told him to prepare a report on that subject. 6.We thought about our friend all the time. 7.The doctor will operate on him in a week. 8.The teacher sent for the pupil's parents. 9.They looked for the newspaper everywhere. 10. Nobody slept in the bed. 11.The neighbour asked for the telegram. 12.Everybody listened to the lecturer with great attention.

Порівняйте: The doctor was sent - Лікаря послали. The doctor was sent for - За лікарем послали. Запам'ятайте такі речення: He was talked about. He was sent for. He was waited for. He was looked at. He was listened to. He was laughed at. А також : The house wasn't lived in. The bed wasn't slept in.

Вправа 41. Перекладіть англійською мовою, вживаючи дієслова у Present, Past або Future Simple Passive.

1. Її часто посилають на пошту. 2. У минулому році її послали у Кембридж. 3. Його пошлють у Гарвард. 4. За нею завжди посилають. 5. За нею послали вчора. 6. За мною пошлють завтра. 7. Їх завжди запрошують на день народження Ганни. 8. Влітку Миколу відвезуть на дачу. 9. Про цей фільм багато говорили. 10. У музеї нам показали багато прекрасних картин. 11. Цю книгу дуже часто запитують.

Вправа 42. Поставте речення у Passive Voice.

E.g. Mother waters the flowers in the evening. - The flowers are watered in the evening (by Mother).

1. Irene's husband brought her some beautiful shells from the south. 2. The explorers gave the newspaper reporters a long interview. 3. Mr. Wilson will teach you English. 4. The doctor ordered me a month's rest from studying. 5. Tom gave Nick a book for his birthday. 6. Our mother tells us stories every evening. 7. Lydia will show you a new book of pictures. 8. A boy showed her the way. 9. They will send us a box of fruit. 10. Five or six small children followed them. 11. In summer the boys often drive the horses to the fields. 12. Ivan Susanin led the Poles into the thickest part of the forest. 13. The waves carried the boat away. 14. We shall do the translation in the evening. 15. They water the flowers regularly. 16. You promised me these books long ago. 17. Bessie's father gave her a complete set of Walter Scott's works. 18. A marble pavillion protects the house. 19. The boys will paint the roof of the house. 20. Tom Sawyer didn’t whitewash the fence. 21. Her daughters gave her three beautiful dishes as a birthday present.

Вправа 43. Поставте виділені дієслова у Passive Voice, зро­бивши необхідні зміни в реченнях.

1. She took a long time to write the composition, but at last she wrote it. 2. Don't put the cup there: somebody will break it. 3. Why weren't you at the birthday party? — They didn't invite me. 4. We met many difficulties, but all the same we finished the work in time. 5. We shall leave you behind if you are not quick. 6. I spent all my money on books last month. 7. I don't think we shall do all this work today: there is too much of it. 8. It's a very funny thing that when I start doing this, somebody always stops me. 9. Don't leave these sweets on the table: somebody will eat them. 10. The elephant broke the branch of a big tree. 11. The bees attacked the bear when it tried to take their honey.

Запам'ятайте:

Це потрібно (треба) зробити. - It must be done. Це можна зробити. - It can be done.

Вправа 44. Поставте подані нижче речення у Passive Voice.

1. You must take the box to the station. 2. You can cross the river on a raft. 3. The workers can finish the building of the house very soon. 4. You must return the books the day after tomorrow. 5. You must do three of these exercises tomorrow. 6. You can find the book you need in any library. 7. We must send these letters at once. 8. I can easily forgive this mistake. 9. You can find such berries everywhere. 10. You must do this work very carefully. 11. The doctor says they must take her to hospital. 12. You can do the work in three days. 13. The students must return all the library books before each summer vacation. 14. Monkeys can climb even the tallest trees.

Вправа 45. Перекладіть англійською мовою, вживаючи Passive Indefinite після модальних дієслів.

1. Руки треба мити перед кожною їдою. 2. Кімнати потрібно регулярно провітрювати. 3. Кішку потрібно годувати рибою. 4. Собаку можна годувати м'ясом і овочами. 5. Дитині потрібно давати фрукти. 6. Книги треба покласти в шафу. 7. Цю картину можна повісити над каміном. 8. Як можна перекласти це слово? 9. Куди можна поставити валізи? 10. Чи можна кішку залишити у дворі? 11. На що потрібно звернути увагу? 12. Треба записати твій номер телефону. 13. Потрібно виміряти ваш кров'яний тиск. 14. Його треба запросити на мій день народження. 15. Їй можна запропонувати нову роботу.

Вправа 46. Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Passive Voice.

1. The rule explained by the teacher at the last lesson (to understand) by all of us. 2. The poem was so beautiful that it (to learn) by everybody. 3. I hope the invitation (to accept) by everybody. 4. The letter (to post) in half an hour. 5. It seems to me that music (to hear) from the next room. 6. At the last competition the first prize (to win) by our team. 7. The question (to settle) as soon as they arrived. 8. Your report must (to divide) into two chapters. 9. Soon he (to send) to a sanatorium. 10. The book (to discuss) at the next conference. 11. The composition must (to hand) in on Wednesday. 12. Yesterday he (to tell) to prepare a speech. 13. The article (to publish) last week, if I am not mistaken. 14. The lectures (to attend) by all of us. 15. A taxi (to call) fifteen minutes ago, so we are expecting it any moment. 16. The young man (to introduce) to me only a couple of hours ago, but it seems to me that I've known him for years.

Вправа 47. Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова в Active або Passive Voice.

1. Nobody (to see) him yesterday. 2. The telegram (to receive) tomorrow. 3. He (to give) me this book next week. 4. The answer to this question can (to find) in the encyclopedia. 5. We (to show) the historical monuments of the capital to the delegation. 6. You can (to find) interesting information about the life in the USA in this book. 7. Budapest (to divide) by the Danube into two parts: Buda and Pest. 8. Yuri Dolgoruki (to found) Moscow in 1147. 9. Moscow University (to found) by Lomonosov. 10. We (to call) Zhukovski the father of Russian aviation.

Вправа 48. Поставте речення у Passive Voice.

1. Не stole a lot of money from the shop. 2. By six o'clock they had finished the work. 3. At twelve o'clock the workers were loading the trucks. 4. By three o'clock the workers had loaded the trucks. 5. We send our daughter to rest in the south every year. 6. They will show this film on TV. 7. They are building a new concert hall in our street. 8. I bought potatoes yesterday. 9. We shall bring the books tomorrow. 10. They are repairing the clock now. 11. They sell milk in this shop. 12. I have translated the whole text. 13. They broke the window last week. 14. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets. 15. We shall do the work in the evening. 16. He wrote this book in the 19th century. 17. They were playing tennis from four till five. 18. They have made a number of important experiments in this laboratory. 19. Livingstone explored Central Africa in the 19th century. 20. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees. 21. They will stage this play at the beginning of next season. 22. They have forgotten the story. 23. Has anybody explained the rules of the game to you? 24. They haven't brought back my skates.

Вправа 49. Поставте речення у Passive Voice.

1. He will introduce me to his friends. 2. They are building a bridge over the river. 3. I haven't yet translated the article. 4. We were looking at the man with great surprise. 5. You will speak about the film at the lesson. 6. The headmistress sent for the pupil's parents. 7. Has the secretary typed the letters? - No, she is typing them now. 8. We asked him about his holidays.

9. They have already discussed the novel. 10. He did not give me his address. 11. She showed him the way to the metro station.

Примітка. Слід пам’ятати, що пасивний стан не вживається у Future Continuous, Future Continuous-in-the-Past, а також з часами групи Perfect Continuous. Це закріплюється на прикладах, наведених в таблиці (див. таблицю всіх часів Passive Voice на с. 52).

Вправа 50. Поставте речення у Passive Voice.

1. The doctor prescribed her new medicine. 2. They often speak about him. 3. Everybody laughed at this funny animal. 4. We have been looking for you the whole morning. 5. We shall insist on strict discipline. 6. They teach three foreign languages at this school. 7. We received this letter after his departure.

8. Have dogs ever attacked you? 9. Bees gather honey from flowers. 10. The storm drove the ship against a rock. 11. Who discovered the circulation of blood? 12. They are selling delicious fruit ice cream there now. 13. The old man showed us the way out of the wood. 14. They offered her some interesting work.

15. We invite you to our house-warming party. 16.The students taking Masters Course will have passed all the exams by December. 17. She has never seen him so sad. 18.When I came to the capital they were changing the view of the city centre. 19.The heated discussion will follow the report. 20. They provide automation increasingly everywhere. 21.They haven’t heard from him for a week. 22. Тhe authorities of VNTU chose the best Masters for attending special seminars held in Great Britain and France.

Таблиця всіх часів Passive Voice
	Present	Past	Future	Future- in-the-Past
Simple (Indefinite)	Letters are written every day	The letter was written yesterday	The letter will be written tomorrow	(He said that) the letter would be written the next day
Continuous (Progressive)	The letter is being written now	The letter was being written at 5 o'clock yesterday	____	____
Perfect	The letter has already been written	The letter had been written by 5 o'clock yesterday	The letter will have been written by 5 o'clock tomorrow	(He said that) the letter would have been written by 5 o'clock the next day
Perfect Continuous (Perfect Progressive)	____	____	____	____

Вправа 51. Поставте речення у Passive Voice.

1. The children have scattered about a lot of things. 2. The girl has put all the books into the bookcase. 3. Snow will cover the fields in winter. 4. They will hand in the homework tomorrow. 5. I don't think we shall finish all the preparations today. 6. She always invites me to her dinner parties. 7. She showed me the dress which her daugh­ter had made. 8. They did not invite her to the party. 9. I did not leave the window open. 10. They did not turn off the light. 11. I have invited some friends to tea. 12. She has given me an English book. 13. Have you written the letter yet? 14. They have told us a lot of interesting things. 15. The students have written the test paper without mistakes.

16. We discussed the matter some days ago. 17. Someone wants you on the phone. 18. She found my book on the windowsill. 19. They have built excellent shelters for tourists in these mountains. 20. Have you given the exercises to all the students? 21. The boy was angry because his mother did not allow him to go to the stadium. 22. Why have you put my books on this table? 23. We made this soup tasty by putting more salt in it. 24. He said that they would happily buy that house by the end of the season. 25.You haven’t received any good information about a new job since January.

Вправа 52. Поставте речення у Passive Voice і складіть питання до підметів.

1. One of my friends took me to the cinema last week. 2. We shall finish this work in time. 3. They built this house in 1960. 4. They were selling new children's books in that shop when I entered it yesterday. 5. A large group of young people joined us on our way to the station. 6. A young teacher started a school in this village. 7. They are translating this article now. 8. Galsworthy wrote "The Forsyte Saga." 9. Thousands of people attended this meeting. 10. He has just interrupted me. 11. The teacher has explained it to us. 12. We turn on the light when it is dark. 13. The students finished their translation in time. 14. Helen washed the dishes. 15. Betty often took her younger brother for a walk. 16. Mother has made some coffee. 17. Have you ironed your dress yet? 18. Nina mispronounced this word. 19. They have told her the truth.

20. She promised us an interesting entertainment. 21. One uses chalk for writing on the blackboard. 22. I shall finish my work about seven o'clock.

23. Somebody has opened the door. 24. The waitress brought in the coffee.

Вправа 53. Поставте речення у Passive Voice і складіть питання до присудків.

1. They looked for the girl everywhere. 2. They did not listen to the boy. 3. She looks after the patients well. 4. They asked for our address. 5. My father looked through these papers this morning. 6. He will give my brother English lessons. 7. A friend of his has shown me an interesting magazine. 8. His friend told him everything. 9. The students greeted the famous lecturer warmly.

10. They have recently built a huge plant in the town of N. 11. We must finish the work by tomorrow. 12. When I fell ill, my mother sent for the doctor.

13. They showed Helen the nearest way to the theatre. 14. He gave his patient some good advice. 15. Mary has told me the news. 16. The people looked at the little boy with interest. 17. They examined the paper attentively.

Вправа 54. Поставте речення в Active Voice. Вживайте під­мети, що підходять за змістом.

1. The room was cleaned and aired. 2. Have all these books been read?

3. Whom were these letters written by? 4. The letter has just been typed. 5. She showed me the picture which had been painted by her husband. 6. I shall not be allowed to go there. 7. He has been told everything, so he knows what to do now. 8. All the questions must be answered. 9. The door has been left open.

10. Betty was met at the station. 11. The girl was not allowed to go to the concert. 12. She said that the new timetable had not yet been hung up on the notice board. 13. The chicken was eaten with appetite. 14. It was so dark, that the houses could not be seen. 15. The light has not yet been turned off. 16. The boy was punished for misbehaving. 17. By three o'clock everything had been prepared. 18. The dictation was written without mistakes. 19. Whom was the poem written by?

20. Her dress was washed and ironed. 21. I was not blamed for the mistakes.

22. The papers will have been looked through and corrected by the next lesson. 23. This house was built last year. 24. The letter has just been sent.

25. This article will be translated at the lesson on Tuesday. 26. When will this book be returned to the library?

Вправа 55. Поставте речення в Active Voice. Вживайте підмети, що підходять за змістом.

1. Invitations have been sent to all the old pupils to be present at the school's thirtieth anniversary. 2. All the passengers in the bus were listening to the story of the boy who had been saved from drowning by the quickness of the driver. 3. The work was finished in time. 4. The child is taken care of. 5. This book must be read by every student. 6. This film can be seen at our cinema. 7. Spartan children were taught by their parents to endure all hardships. 8. Which article was translated by your brother? 9. They were being taught drawing at that lesson. 10. This name was seldom mentioned in his novels. 11. I am often told about it. 12. This man has been much spoken of. 13. When was it done? 14. What museums were visited last year? 15. Have your compositions been handed in? 16. What has been said is true. 17. After the facts had been thoroughly explained to her, she no longer felt worried. 18. He was fined for crossing the street in the wrong place. 19. The Greeks were attacked by the Persians from the sea. 20. This mountain has never been climbed before. 21. She told me that those newspapers had been carefully put away where they would not be lost. 22. Why have these cups been put here in this cupboard? 23. Nick was told to go home at once. 24. He was being laughed at when he slipped on the banana peel.

Вправа 56. Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Passive Voice. Перекладіть речення українською мовою.

1. Two reports on Hemingway's stories (to make) in our group last month. Both of them were very interesting. 2. He said that Grandmother's letter (to receive) the day before. 3. Two new engineers just (to introduce) to the head of the department. 4. Don't worry, everything will be all right: the children (to take) to the theatre by the teacher and they (to bring) back to school in the evening. 5. I am sure I (to ask) at the lesson tomorrow. 6. They told me that the new student (to speak) much about. 7. The hostess said that one more guest (to expect). 8. The newspaper said that an interesting exhibition (to open) in the Hermitage the next week. 9. This new dictionary (to sell) everywhere now. 10. All the texts (to look) through yesterday and not a single mistake (to find).

Вправа 57. Перекладіть англійською мовою, вживаючи діє­слова у Passive Voice.

1. Цю книжку взяли з бібліотеки тільки вчора. 2. Цих трьох студентів запитали два дні тому. 3. Вас екзаменували вранці? 4. Ця миша була спіймана вночі. 5. На цій фабриці роблять дуже гарні сумки.

6. Людей туди можна посилати тільки влітку, коли крига розтає. 7. Мою подругу щороку посилають за кордон. 8. Її відправили в лікарню два дні тому. 9. Учора нас послали в лабораторію. 10. Цей твір був написаний на минулому тижнi. 11. Телеграму послали пізно ввечері, і він одержить її тільки вранці. 12. Цю статтю повинна прочитати вся група. 13. Цю вправу можна написати олівцем. 14. Усі ваші твори будуть повернуті наступного тижня. 15. Цього листа можна написати на одному аркуші.

Вправа 58. Перекладіть англійською мовою, вживаючи дієслова у Passive Voice.

1. Нам показали дуже дивну картину. 2. Тебе шукають. Іди додому.

3. Вас усіх зберуть у залі і розкажуть про всі зміни в шкільній програмі. 4. Чому з нього завжди сміються? 5. Нам усім дали квитки на чудову виставку. 6. Лекції цього відомого професора завжди слухають дуже уважно. 7. Мене чекають? 8. Їм поставили три нових важких запитання.

9. За директором щойно послали. Зачекайте трохи. 10. Усіх запросили до великої зали. 11. Ці листи переглянуті, їх можна відправляти. 12. На станції їх зустрів гід і відвіз у готель. 13. Ці журнали повинні бути повернуті в бібліотеку на наступному тижні. 14. На наших заняттях багато уваги приділяється вимові. 15. Іванову звеліли пояснити, чому він пропускає заняття. 16. Чи запросять мене на ваш вечір? 17. Дітей залишили вдома одних. 18. Поліція приїхала, коли потерпілого забирали з дороги.

19. Йому запропонували приєднатися до науково-дослідної групи.

Вправа 59. Перекладіть англійською мовою, вживаючи дієслова у Passive Voice. Поставте питання до обставин речення.

1. На вокзалі його зустріне тато. 2. Ця картина була написана у XVI столітті. 3. Чи використовуються ці книги для роботи? 4. В Італії нам покажуть багато визначних пам'яток. 5. За цим чоловіком ішла величезна юрба. 6. Коли читали нове оповідання, хтось постукав у двері. 7. Вас уже запросили на вечір? 8. Коли мама прийшла, обід був уже зварений. 9. За цим лікарем часто посилають. 10. На вокзалі його завжди зустрічають друзі. 11. Чи дають вам у школі книжки для читання? 12. Полонених провели до великої зали. 13. Які вправи робили в класі? 14. Хто написав цей лист? 15. Наступного року збудують багато шкіл. 16. З нього всі сміються. 17. Ця робота буде закінчена наступного тижня? 18. Коли були посаджені ці яблуні? 19. В інституті його часто згадували і говорили про нього. 20. Чи зустрінуть нас на станції? 21. Відповідь буде відправлена через кілька днів. 22. Коли тебе запитували останій раз? 23. Цей переклад буде закінчено через кілька днів. 24. Чи повернуть цю книгу вчасно?

Вправа 60. Перекладіть англійською мовою, вживаючи діє­слова у Passive Voice. Поставте питання до підметів речень.

1. Листи було залишено на столі. 2. Хлопчику не дозволили купатися в річці. 3. Після обіду посуд було вимито. 4. Листа було написано вчора. 5. Цю статтю написав один англійський журналіст.

6. Цей вірш повинні вивчити всі студенти нашої групи. 7. Нам показали багато красивих речей. 8. Вірш було вивчено напам'ять. 9. Їх будуть навчати англійської мови. 10. Коли яблуко було з'їдено, дівчинка взяла ляльку і пішла в кімнату. 11. Коли буде написано вашу книгу? 12. Усі ці книжки взяті з бібліотеки. 13. Диктант був зданий викладачеві після дзвоника. 14. Я думала, що хліб і масло купить моя сестра. 15. Весною це поле буде вкрите зеленою травою і квітами. 16. Уроки були приготовлені, книжки і зошити покладені у портфель. 17. Роботу було виконано дуже добре. 18. Стаття повинна бути перекладена до п'ятої години. 19. Переклад буде закінчено вчасно. 20. Коли я прийшла додому, обід було вже зварено. 21. Статтю було перекладено без помилок. 22. Книжку покладено у шафу.

Вправа 61. Перекладіть англійською мовою, вживаючи діє­слова у Passive Voice.

1. Де зараз ваш брат? - Його послали у Францію. 2. Про вас тільки що говорили. 3. Удома з неї посміялися. 4. "Мені тільки що наказали ввести полонених,"- сказав солдат. 5. Хто написав цього листа? 6. Ці квіти щойно зірвали. 7. Тебе вчора просили прийти раніше? 8. Наступного року його п'єса буде поставлена в цьому театрі. 9. За цим професором завжди посилають у складних ситуаціях. 10. Собор Святого Павла будував архітектор Рен. 11. Коли написали листа? 12. Куди поклали книжки?

13. За лікарем пошлють завтра. 14. У Санкт-Петербурзі будують багато будинків. 15. Твори англійських і американських письменників видають в усьому світі. 16. До того часу як він приїхав, листа було вже отримано. 17. Наш будинок зараз ремонтують. 18. Миколу якраз запитують. 19. Чи принесли вже книжки з бібліотеки? 20. Цей кінотеатр був збудований до того, як ми приїхали сюди. 21. Вірші Роберта Бернса знають у багатьох країнах світу. 22. Коли Чарльз Діккенс був маленьким хлопчиком, його батька посадили до боргової в'язниці. 23. Ця опера була написана сто років тому. 24. Цей роман уже перекладений п'ятьма мовами. 25. Обід готували, коли я прийшов додому.

Вправа 62. Перекладіть англійською мовою, вживаючи дієслова у Passive Voice.

1. Мене відрекомендували її батьку вчора. 2. Коли я повернуся додому, усі мої валізи будуть уже складені. 3. На який підручник ви посилаєтесь у вашій доповіді? 4. Хіба цей твір був написаний до того, як ви робили доповідь? 5. Її слухали неуважно, і все, що вона сказала, було скоро забуто. 6. Про цей епізод багато говорять у нашому будинку. 7. Нас провели до залу і запропонували нам хороші місця. 8. Чи послали за ліками? - Так, їх шукають. 9. Його виховала сестра. 10. Не турбуйся, йому допоможуть у роботі. 11. У нашому районі будуються три нові школи. 12. Цей міст ще будується. Він будувався, коли я його побачив уперше.

13. Коли я почав їм допомагати, цю справу вже передали іншому слідчому. 14. Коли я прийду додому, обід будуть готувати. 15. Це оповідання обговорили на уроці літератури.

Вправа 63. Проаналізуйте присудки речень і перекладіть їх українською мовою, звертаючи увагу на час і вид дієслів.

1. Our conversation was interrupted by a knock at the door. 2. Such questions are not usually discussed at our meetings. 3. A new library will be opened in this village next month. 4. Are many or few new houses usually built in our city every year? 5. Do you know that this book was translated into English only two years ago? 6. Our town is often visited by foreign tourists. 7. The doctor was asked to help the sick woman. 8. When the teacher begins explaining to us a new rule, he is never interrupted. 9. I wasn’t given this book though I wanted to read it. 10. He was shown the way to the post-office at once. 11. I shall be introduced to his family this evening. 12. This picture is often looked at. 13. This performance is much spoken about. 14. His yesterday’s lecture was listened to with great interest.

Вправа 64. Поставте подані нижче речення в минулому і майбутньому часі, відповідно змінивши обставини часу.

1. These books are sold everywhere. 2. The students are given much homework every day. 3. What kind of books are usually discussed at your lessons? 4. My friend is often asked to translate articles from English into Ukrainian. 5. My mother’s birthday is celebrated on the 29^th of May. 6. Much attention is paid to Information Science at schools nowadays. 7. The weather was too wet and the picnic was spoiled. 8. Fabulously rich and luxurious houses are built in this region at present. 9. This man was put into prison for criminal behaviour. 10. The car was stolen at night and the police were called immediately.

Вправа 65. Поставте подані нижче речення в питальній і заперечній формі.

1. Your answer is explained today. 2. Their exercise-books were looked through yesterday. 3. Our work will be finished tomorrow. 4. His report was discussed at the University. 5. Those engineers will be given some interesting work to do next month. 6. His brother’s work is much spoken about at this factory. 7. This report will be made by a well-known professor. 8. I shall be taught how to drive a car. 9. The teacher who gave many difficult tests was disliked by students.

Вправа 66. Поставте дієслова в дужках у потрібному часі активного або пасивного стану.

1. He (to remind, to be reminded) that we’ll have a meeting tomorrow.

2. Their lesson (not to interrupt, not to be interrupted). 3. He (to tell, to be told) to take care of the wounded man. 4. It was difficult for them (to find out, to be found out) his address. 5. Many guests (to invite, to be invited) to my brother’s birthday party yesterday. 6. My brother (to invite, to be invited) many guests to his birthday party yesterday. 7. My brother (to invite, to be invited) to his friend’s birthday party yesterday. 8. These problems often (to speak of, to be spoken of). 9. I think that this patient (to take good care of, to be taken good care of). 10. We (not to expect, not to be expected) them yesterday. 11. They (not to expect, not to be expected) yesterday. 12. They (not to expect, not to be expected) us yesterday. 13. We (to finish, to be finished) our work tomorrow.

Вправа 67. Поставте всі можливі питання до даних речень.

1. All the patients are usually examined in room 17. 2. This engineer was introduced to us by the Popovs. 3. That part of our country is described in many books. 4. The students will be asked many different questions at the examinations. 5. Last month my brother was operated on by professor Glebov. 6. The doctor was sent for two hours ago. 7. The boy was told to be back home at six o’clock. 8. The train was missed deliberately.

Вправа 68. Перекладіть подані нижче речення англійською мовою, звертаючи увагу на вживання пасивного стану.

a) 1. Його просять

Йому наказали прийти сюди.

Її запросили

2. Йому не дали

Їм не показали цю книгу.

Нам не пришлють

Їй не обіцяють

3. На нас чекали

Їх проекзаменують в середу.

Вас приймуть

4. Листи відішлють

Телеграму принесли вранці.

Газети отримують

5. Їх попросили

Нас запрошують взяти участь в цій роботі.

Її просять

6. Його оперували

Її шукали вчора?

За нами посилали

Про них говорили

Вправа 69. Складіть за даними зразками речення, використовуючи в них вказані нижче дієслова в пасивному стані; перекладіть утворені речення українською мовою.

E. g

a) I was shown the way to Мені показали дорогу на станцію.

the station.

b) He will never be forgotten. Його ніколи не забудуть.

to ask, to teach, to promise, to allow, to show, to give, to tell, to meet, to answer, to leave, to save, to invite.

Примітка. Якщо після дієслова в пасивному стані стоїть прийменник, то переклад з англійської мови на українську починається з цього прийменника.

Запам’ятайте деякі з таких дієслів:

To depend upon - покладатись на.

To insist on (upon) - наполягати на.

To laugh at - сміятись над.

To look at - дивитись на.

To refer to - посилатись на.

To rely upon - покластись на.

To speak of (about) - говорити про.

To send for - посилати за.

To take care of - турбуватись про.

Порівняйте:

The doctor was sent - Лікаря послали.

The doctor was sent for - За лікарем послали.

Вправа 70. Перекладіть українською мовою, починаючи переклад речень з прийменника:

1. The terms were agreed upon. 2. These terms were insisted upon. 3. He was laughed at. 4. He is always listened to with great interest. 5. I have never been spoken to like that before. 6. She is very well spoken of. 7. I should like to read the article, which is referred to by the professor. 8. This subject will be dealt with in the next chapter. 9. The time of shipment has been agreed upon. 10. The terms of payment were agreed upon. 11. This book is very much spoken of. 12. The child is well taken care of. 13. She was looked at with surprise. 14. He is often sent for. 15. He was sent for yesterday. 16. He will be sent for tomorrow. 17. She said that he would be sent for. 18. He is being sent for now. 19. He was being sent for when I came. 20. He has just been sent for. 21. He had been sent for before I came. 22. He will have been sent for before you come. 23. He said that he would have been sent for before you came.

24. The house wasn’t lived in. 25. The bed wasn’t slept in.

Вправа 71. Перекладіть українською мовою і запам’ятайте це жартівливе оповідання:

He wasn’t talked about.

He wasn’t sent for.

He wasn’t waited for.

He wasn’t looked at.

He wasn’t listened to.

He wasn’t laughed at.

Вправа 72. Складіть за поданим зразком речення, вживаючи в них в пасивному стані подані нижче дієслова, які вимагають після себе певних прийменників, перекладіть утворені речення українською мовою.

He was listened to with great Його слухали з великим задово-

pleasure. ленням.

to laugh at to think of to ask for

to look for to look after to operate on

to speak of to send for to listen to

to speak to to remind of to turn to smb. for smth.

Вправа 73. Поставте подані нижче речення у питальній формі і дайте короткі відповіді на загальні питання.

1. The telegram has just been sent. 2. A new cinema has been built in our street this year. 3. The letter has not been posted yet. 4. All our parcels had been accepted by the time Jane joined us at the post office. 5. Such high buildings have never been constructed before. 6. Five new schools have been built in our native town since 1950. 7. All the tickets had already been sold out by the time we came to the box-office. 8. All these questions will have been discussed by the time you come.

Вправа 74. Дайте відповіді на наведені нижче питання, звертаючи увагу на вживання часів групи Perfect пасивного стану.

1. What new stadiums have been built in Kyiv lately?

2. Have many or few new schools been built in your native town since

1990?

3. What interesting new plays have been staged at the theatre lately?

4. What interesting new books have been written by our writers this year?

5. What Ukrainian cities had been liberated from the German fascists by

the end of 1944?

6. By what time had this new house been built?

7. Where are books and magazines usually sold?

8. When was the first line of the Kyiv Underground built?

9. What new books by Ukrainian writers have been read and discussed by

your friends lately?

10. What new books had been bought by the end of the year?

11. When will the construction of the new line of the Underground be

finished?

Вправа 75. Напишіть по три речення згідно з кожним із поданих нижче зразків.

1. The letter has just been Листа щойно відіслали.

posted.

2. We realized that the tele- Ми зрозуміли, що телеграму ще

gram had not been rece- не отримали.

ived yet.

c) By the time we return До того часу, коли ми повернемо-

from the South, this house ся з півдня, цей будинок вже збу-

will have been built already. дують.

Вправа 76. Складіть якомога більше речень, користуючись таблицею. Перекладіть речення українською мовою.

An exercise

His story is

An article was

The letter discussed

The telegram written

being translated

The sentences looked through

New words are read aloud

The articles were

Exercises

The stories

Вправа 77. Дайте відповіді на подані нижче питання, використовуючи слова та словосполучення з таблиці.

E. g. What’s going on in the room?

A new film is being discussed.

a) What’s going on in the to explain a new rule

room now? to pack his things

to look through the morning mail

b) What was going on in the to speak of the last sporting events

room when you came in

(at three o’clock yesterday, to discuss the demand for machi-

at that time)? nes of this kind.

Вправа 78. Перекладіть подані нижче речення українською мовою, звертаючи увагу на форму присудка.

1. New Metro lines are being built in Kyiv. 2. When I came to Kyiv the first Metro line was still being built. 3. Are they ready with the parcel? No, it’s still being packed. 4. Listen attentively, a new grammar rule is being explained. 5. My friend is at the hospital now. His son is being operated on. 6. I think Peter is cross with John because John made a joke at his expense. You see, Peter has never been laughed at before. 7. What grammar rules were explained at the last lesson? 8. By the time Roman came to the group, the main grammar rules had already been explained at the first lesson. 9. What rule was being explained when you came into the classroom? 10. “I won’t be able to get the material ready by 12 o’clock. I don’t think the articles will be translated by then,” said the secretary. 11. A new building for the picture gallery will be built soon.

Вправа 79. Поставте подані нижче дієслова в Present і Past Continuous Passive Voice. Використайте підмети, дані в дужках.

to pack (things) to fill in (the form)

to look through (the journal) to take care of (she)

to organize (a sporting club) to look for (the documents)

to carry out (the work) to discuss (it)

Вправа 80. Поставте дієслова в дужках у потрібному стані і часовій формі.

1. The teacher told the student to look up the rule himself as it (to explain) many times. “You (to be) inattentive while it (to explain),” he said. 2. When I came into the hall, a new film (to show). I was sorry that I (not to tell) about the show before as the end (to impress) me greatly. 3. A new stadium (to build) opposite our house lately, and my brother says that the number of people taking part in sporting events there (to increase). 4. This journal (to be) in great demand. If you wish to have it, go to the book-shop in Shevchenko street, it (to sell) there now. 5. – You (to look for) your gloves? Ask the attendant, some gloves (to pick up) and (to give) to him a few minutes ago. 6. As it was rather noisy in the room when I came in, I could not make out what (to discuss). From the words which I caught on coming closer, I understood that the latest sporting events (to speak about). 7. “Are you ready to leave?” “No, I’m not, some things (to pack) still and my tickets (not to bring) yet.” 8. The boy (to tell) that he (to allow) to go out only after his homework (to do) carefully. 9. The mother (to tell) not to worry about her sick boy. “He (to examine) soon by the doctor and now he (to take good care of),” said the nurse. 10. I (to tell) just that the material for my business trip (to prepare) now, but it (not to be ready) until the manager (to look through) it. 11. The workers (to give) their word that production (to increase) by the tenth of May. 12. Peter came late to the party, so when he entered the room all the guests (to introduce) to each other, some of them (to dance), and some (to sing) in the next room.

Вправа 81. Складіть питання до виділених частин речення.

1. The document has been signed by the president of the board. 2. The poem was written by an unknown author. 3. A new railway line is being constructed across the desert. 4. The flowers will be planted next week. 5. This record has been played so many times that it is no good any more. 6. A place where people go skating is called a skating-rink. 7. The plant had been run by the head engineer for a fortnight before a new director was appointed.

Вправа 82. Перекладіть подані нижче речення англійською мовою, використовуючи пасивний стан.

1. Хто сконструював цей прилад? 2. Де зараз конструюють цей прилад? 3. Цей прилад вже сконструювали? 4. Коли сконструювали цей прилад? 5. Коли буде сконструйований цей прилад? 6. Де конструюють такі прилади? 7. Цей прилад буде сконструйований до кінця цього року? 8. Цей прилад вже був сконструйований, коли ви почали експеримент? 9. Цей прилад ще конструювався, коли ви почали працювати в лабораторії?

Вправа 83. Перекладіть речення з пасивним станом українською мовою.

1. A lot of rice is eaten in Asia. 2. These houses were built about twenty-five years ago. 3. Our class will be taught by another teacher next year. 4. He said that our class would be taught by another teacher the next year. 5. Lions and tigers can be seen in Zoos. 6. He spoke very clearly; he could be heard by everyone. 7. This letter must be answered at once. 8. When he was in hospital, he had to be fed; he couldn`t eat himself. 9. Books may be kept for two weeks. After that they must be returned to the library. 10. The librarian said that books might be kept for two weeks. 11. The little girl has been very ill and the doctor says she mustn`t go to school, so she is being taught at home. 12. I couldn`t use my car last week, it was being repaired. 13. This room hasn`t been swept for a fortnight. 14. He said the newspaper had been thrown away. 15. By the year 2020 many actresses who are famous today will have been forgotten. 16. What did you say? I said that by the year 2020 many actresses who are famous today would have been forgotten. 17. Our friends were thought of all the time. 18. The lecturer was listened to with great attention by everybody. 19. The party dedicated to the University Day was followed by “Mr. Charm” performance. 20. The weak person was being helped while descending a ladder.

Вправа 84. Перекладіть речення українською мовою. Зверніть увагу на переклад пасивного стану.

1. Our district library is opened at 11 o`clock. 2. These blocks are lifted by a big crane. 3. The work is begun on Monday. 4. Good rules are repeated many times. 5. English is spoken in England and America, New Zealand and Australia. 6. Everything in this building is made of plastics and glass. 7. The building is composed of light plastic sheets which form the walls and the ceiling. 8. The design is worked out by the engineers of our factory. 9. Most of our laboratories are housed in the main building of the institute. 10. The sportsmen are weighed regularly. 11. The new automatic equipment is installed in our shop. 12. The walls of our flat are not made of the sound-proof material and therefore we often hear what is spoken in the next apartment.

Вправа 85. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова у Passive Voice.

1. The day before yesterday we (invited) to the restaurant by Tom Jenkins.

   1. are invited

   2. were invited

   3. invite

2. Look! The bridge (repair).

   1. is being repaired

   2. is been repaired

   3. has being repaired

3. The letter and the parcel (post) tomorrow.

   1. will be post

   2. will have been posted

   3. will be posted

4. Margaret (know) to be a very industrious person.

   1. has been known

   2. is known

   3. is been known

5. In Greece the Olympik Games (hold) once in four years.

   1. were held

   2. are being held

   3. are held

6. The problem (study) for three years, but they haven`t got any results.

   1. has been studied

   2. has being studied

   3. was studied

7. This book (republished) by the end of September.

   1. would been republished

   2. will have been republished

   3. will been republished

8. The doctor said that Tommy`s leg (X-rayed) the following day.

   1. will be X-rayed

   2. would be X-rayed

   3. will have been X-rayed

9. A police car came when the injured man (carry off) the road.

   1. was being carried off

   2. was been carrying off

   3. has been carried off

10. I (bear) in a small Russian town not far from Samara.

    1. was born

    2. am born

    3. am bear

11. Dad phoned us and asked if our luggage (already/pack).

a)was already being packed

b) had already been packed

c) was already packed

12. What a pity, John won`t come. He (tell) about the meeting beforehand.

    1. should have been told

    2. should be told

    3. should been told

Вправа 86. Знайдіть речення, в яких вживається пасивний стан, і перекладіть їх українською мовою.

1. Letters are usually answered. 2. The letter was answered yesterday.

3. The letter will be answered tomorrow. 4. This question is being discussed now. 5. This question was being discussed when we came. 6. The composition has just been written. 7.The composition had already been written. 8.The composition will have been written when we come. 9. The girl was looked at. 10. He was sent for water. 11. This film is much spoken about. 12. He was sent for when he was in need. 13. Writing a letter she was listening to music. 14. The letter written yesterday was very short. 15. The boy writing a letter has many friends in different towns.

Вправа 87. Доповніть дані речення одним з поданих нижче дієслів в правильній формі:

arrest wake knock check translate find

spend carry make drive hear

E. g. The music at the party was very loud and could be heard from far away.

1. A decision will not ________________ until the next meeting. 2. That building is dangerous. It ought to __________ down before it falls down. 3. When you go through сustoms, your luggage may __________ by a customs officer. 4. I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to ___________ up at 6:30. 5. Her new book will probably __________ into a number of foreign languages. 6. If you kicked a policeman, you`d _____________ . 7. Police are looking for the missing boy. He can`t ___________ anywhere. 8. Do you think that less money should __________ on arms? 9. The injured man couldn`t walk and had to _______________. 10. I don`t mind driving but I prefer to ___________ by other people.