Practical tasks and exercises

1. A) Using an etymological dictionary, classify the following words of native origin into: 1) Indo-European, 2) Germanic, 3) English proper.

always, answer, bear, birch, bird, bone, boy, child, corn, cow, daisy, daughter, eat, fir, fox, girl, glad, good, goose, grey, hand, heart, hundred, know, lady, land, lip, lord, make, man, moon, night, nose, old, three, thousand, tree, red, room, sad, sea, see, spring, star, water, woman.

2. a) Analyse the words of Greek and Latin origin in the following sentences. Identify the period of borrowings. State whether they are direct or came into English through other languages. b) Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Benn specialized in the anatomy and morphology of plants (S. Bellow). 2. “I’m Jeannie’s alibi,” said the Whiting girl calmly. “We had dinner together that evening” (E. Queen). 3. She seemed on the edge of hysteria (Id.). 4. “My researches over the past few years have led me to certain theories regarding psychic phenomena which I have now, for the first time, an opportunity of testing” (Sh. Jackson). 5. “See!” he cried triumphantly. “It’s a bona-fide piece of printed matter... It’s a triumph” (P. S. Fitzgerald). 6. His wrinkled face oozed humanity and sympathy (I. Montagu). 7. It was utter chaos. Sirens were going off all around him (M. Maloney).

3. Comment on the origin of the following geographical names.

Aberdeen, Althom, Beaulieu, Beckford, Cambridge, Cheapside, Chester, Derby, Devonport, Edinburgh, Essex, Exeter, Gladstone, Gloucester, Grimsby, Inchape, Lancashire, Lancaster, Leicester, Lincoln, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Newcastle, Newport, Norfolk, Oxford, Sheffield, Strathclyde, Suffolk, Sussex, Washington, Wokingham, Worcester.

4. A) Pick out the French borrowings from the sentences given below. Identify the period of borrowings. B) Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Surely Maisie, worldly Maisie, could not be so naive (D. Francis). 2. There was a limousine waiting in front of the building, a chauffeur stood holding the door open (H. Robbins). 3. The place smelled warmly of eau de Cologne and bath powder (M. Wilson). 4. A rendezvous would have to be arranged immediately (R. Ludlum). 5. The silhouette of a moving cat wavered across the moonlight (P.S. Fitzgerald). 6. Her face, above a spotted dress of dark blue crêp-de-chine, contained no facet or gleam of beauty (Id.). 7. Mrs. Wilson... was now attired in an elaborate afternoon dress of cream-colored chiffon (Id.).

5. State from what languages the following words are borrowed. Comment on their meaning.

alarm, algebra, anchor, artel, banana, bandura, cannibal, canoe, caravan, cargo, Chimpanzee, chocolate, cocoa, colonel, czar, devil, dollar, gorilla, guerilla, hopak, jungle, kangaroo, kindergarten, khaki, law, lilac, machine, maize, mazurka, mule, nun, opera, pagoda, piano, potato, school, skipper, squaw, steppe, tobacco, taboo, tomato, umbrella, verandah, verst, vanilla, violin, waltz, wigwam, zinc.