- •Contents
- •Introduction
- •§ 2. Two Approaches to Language
- •§ 3. Lexicology and Sociolinguistics
- •§ 4. Lexical Units
- •§ 5. Varieties of Words
- •§ 6. Course of Modern English Lexicology
- •Lecture 1. Methods and procedures of lexicological analysis
- •§ 2. Statistical Analysis
- •§ 1. Contrastive Analysis
- •§ 3. Immediate Constituents Analysis
- •§ 4. Distributional analysis and Co-occurence
- •§ 5. Transformational Analysis
- •§ 6. Componental Analysis
- •§ 7. Method of Semantic Differential
- •Practical tasks and exercises
- •1. Read and analyze the following extract on the basis of the above mentioned methods of linguistic analysis:
- •Lecture 2. Semasiology
- •§ 1. Referential Approach
- •§ 2. Meaning in the Referential Approach
- •§ 3. Functional Approach to Meaning
- •§ 4. Relation Between the Two Approaches
- •§ 5. Grammatical Meaning
- •§ 6. Lexical Meaning
- •§ 7. Part-of-Speech Meaning
- •§ 8. Denotational and Connotational
- •§ 9. Emotive Charge
- •§ 10. Stylistic Reference
- •§ 11. Emotive Charge and Stylistic Reference
- •§ 12. Lexical Meaning
- •§ 13. Functional (Parf-of-Speech) Meaning
- •§ 14. Differential Meaning
- •§ 15. Distributional Meaning
- •§ 16. Morphological Motivation
- •§ 17. Phonetical Motivation
- •§ 18. Semantic Motivation
- •Practical tasks and exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Ukrainian paying attention to the difference in their meaning.
- •2. A) Comment on the lexical meaning of the words in bold type. B) Comment on their lexical and grammatical contexts. C) Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •3. Classify the following words according to the type of motivation.
- •4. A) Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian. B) Classify the words in bold type into affixal and root antonyms.
- •5. A) Pick out synonyms from the sentences below. Comment on their shades of meaning and stylistic reference. B) Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Lecture 3. Word-groups and phraseological units
- •§ 1. Lexical Valency (Collocability)
- •§ 2. Grammatical Valency
- •§ 3. Distribution as the Criterion of Classification
- •§ 4. Lexical Meaning
- •§ 5. Structural Meaning
- •§ 6. Interrelation of Lexical and Structural Meaning in Word-Groups
- •Interdependence of structure and meaning in word-groups
- •§ 7. Syntactic Structure (Formula) and Pattern of Word-Groups
- •§ 8. Motivation in Word-Groups
- •§ 9. Free Word-groups Versus Set-phrases. Phraseological Units, Idioms, Word-equivalents
- •§ 10. Criteria of Stability and Lack of Motivation (Idiomaticity)
- •§ 11. Classification
- •§ 12. Phraseological Units and Idioms Proper
- •§ 13. Phraseology as a Subsystem of Language
- •Practical tasks and exercises
- •1. Comment on the structural types and patterns of the following words. Translate the words into Ukrainian.
- •2. Group the phraseological units in bold type according to their classification mentioned in the lecture. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •3. Group the following phraseological units according to the classification based on the structural principle. Give their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •4. Define the meanings of the following polysemantic units in bold type. Comment on the ways of developing their polysemy. Translate the sentence into Ukrainian.
- •5. Group the following phraseological units into synonymous pairs. Give their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. Choose antonyms to the following phraseological units (use the list in brackets below). Translate these antonymous pairs into Ukrainian.
- •Lecture 4. Word-structure
- •§ 1. Segmentation of Words into Morphemes
- •§ 2. Principles of Morphemic Analysis. Types of Word Segmentability
- •§ 3. Classification of Morphemes
- •§ 4. Procedure of Morphemic Analysis
- •§ 5. Morphemic Types of Words
- •§ 6. Derivative Relations
- •§ 7. Derivational Bases
- •§ 8. Derivational Affixes
- •§ 9. Semi-Affixes
- •§10. Derivational Patterns
- •§ 11. Derivational Types of Words
- •Practical tasks and exercises
- •1. Make the morphemic analysis of the following words. Translate the words into Ukrainian.
- •2. Classify the stems of the words given below into simple, derived, compound; free, bound, semi-bound.
- •3. Analyze the structure of the following words on the derivational and morphemic levels, use the method of ic and uc analysis:
- •4. Name the nouns formed with the following suffixes. State which of the suffixes are productive: -tion, -dom, -ness, -ism, -ship, -er, -ist, -th, -ige. Lecture 5. Word-formation
- •Various ways of forming words
- •§ 1. Various Types and Ways of Forming Words
- •§ 2. Word-formation. Definition.
- •§ 3. Word-formation as the Subject of Study
- •§ 4. Productivity of Word-formation
- •§ 5. Definition. Degree of Derivation. Prefixal and Suffixal Derivative
- •§ 6. Prefixation. Some Debatable Problems
- •§ 7. Classification of Prefixes
- •§ 8. Suffixation. Peculiarities of Some Suffixes
- •§ 9. Main Principles of Classification
- •§ 10. Polysemy and Homonymy
- •§ 11. Synonymy
- •§ 12. Productivity
- •§ 13. Origin of Derivational Affixes
- •§ 14. Definition
- •§ 16. Diachronic Approach of Conversion. Origin
- •§ 15. Typical Semantic Relations
- •I. Verbs converted from nouns (denominal verbs).
- •II. Nouns converted from verbs (deverbal substantives).
- •§ 17. Productivity. Traditional and Occasional Conversion
- •Practical tasks and exercises
- •5. Comment on the examples of converted words in the sentences below. State to what part of speech they belong and the derivational pattern оf conversion.
- •Lecture 6. Word-formation. Compounding
- •§ 2. Structure
- •§ 3. Meaning
- •§ 4. Structural Meaning of the Pattern
- •§ 5. The Meaning of Compounds. Motivation
- •§ 6. Relations between the iCs of Compounds
- •§ 7. Different Parts of Speech
- •§ 8. Means of Composition
- •§ 9. Correlation between Compounds and Free Phrases
- •§ 10. Sources of Compounds
- •Practical tasks and exercises
- •1. Analyse the structure of the iCs of the following compound words. Translate the compounds into Ukrainian.
- •2. Find compounds in the following sentences, define their structural type and state to what part of speech they belong. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •3. Discriminate between compounds proper and derivational compounds given in bold type. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •4. Translate the following words and phrases into English using the stems in brackets.
- •Lecture 7. Etymological survey of the english word-stock
- •§1 . Some Basic Assumptions
- •§ 2. Semantic Characteristics and Collocability
- •§ 3. Derivational Potential
- •§ 4. Causes and Ways of Borrowing
- •§ 5. Criteria of Borrowings
- •§ 6. Assimilation of Borrowings
- •§ 7. Phonetic, Grammatical and Lexical Assimilation of Borrowings
- •Interrelation between native and borrowed elements
- •§ 8. The Role of Native and Borrowed Elements
- •§ 9. Influence of Borrowings
- •Practical tasks and exercises
- •1. A) Using an etymological dictionary, classify the following words of native origin into: 1) Indo-European, 2) Germanic, 3) English proper.
- •3. Comment on the origin of the following geographical names.
- •4. A) Pick out the French borrowings from the sentences given below. Identify the period of borrowings. B) Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •5. State from what languages the following words are borrowed. Comment on their meaning.
- •6. A) Classify the borrowings given in bold type according to the degree of their assimilation. State from what languages they are borrowed. B) Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Lecture 8. Various aspects of vocabulary units and replenishment of modern english word-stock
- •Interdependence of various aspects of the word
- •§ 1. Notional and Form-Words
- •§ 2. Development of Vocabulary
- •§ 3. Structural and Semantic Peculiarities of New Vocabulary Units
- •§ 4. Productive Word-Formation
- •§ 5. Various Ways of Word-Creation
- •§ 6. Borrowing
- •§ 7. Number of Vocabulary Items in Actual Use and Number of Vocabulary Units in Modern English
- •Variants and dialects of the english language
- •§ 8. General Characteristics of the English Language in Different Parts of the English-Speaking World
- •§ 9. Lexical Differences of Territorial Variants
- •§ 10. Some Points of History of the Territorial Variants and Lexical Interchange Between Them
- •Practical tasks and exercises
- •2. Pick out all the substantivized adjectives from the following sentences. Comment on their structural-semantic features and the degree of substantivation. B) Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •3. Compare the following pairs of nouns and adjectives. Comment on their meanings. Use the adjectives in sentences of your own.
- •4. A) Comment on the formation of the clipped words given in bold type. B) Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •5. A) Pick out all the abbreviations from the sentences given below. Comment on their formation. B) Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •6. A) Comment on the formation of the following blends, b) Translate the blends into Ukrainian.
- •Lecture 9. Fundamentals of english lexicography
- •§ 1. Encyclopaedic and Linguistic Dictionaries
- •§ 2. Classification of Linguistic Dictionaries
- •§ 3. Explanatory Dictionaries
- •§ 4. Translation Dictionaries
- •§ 5. Specialised Dictionaries
- •§ 6. The Selection of Lexical Units for Inclusion
- •§ 7. Selection and Arrangement of Meanings
- •§ 8. Definition of Meanings
- •§ 9. Illustrative Examples
- •§ 10. Choice of Adequate Equivalents
- •§ 11. Setting of the Entry
- •§ 12. Structure of the Dictionary
- •Practical tasks and exercises
- •1. A) Consulting an etymological dictionary, analyse the structure and origin of the following words. Comment on the phenomenon of folk (false) etymology. B) Translate the words into Ukrainian.
- •2. A) Using an etymological dictionary, define the type of meaning of the words in bold type. B) Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Перелік рекомендованих джерел lecture 1 methods and procedures of lexicological analysis.
- •Lecture 2 semasiology
- •Lecture 3 word-groups and phraseological units
- •Lecture 4 word-structure
- •Lecture 5 word-formation. Various ways of forming words.
- •Lecture 6 word-formation. Compounding
- •Lecture 7 etymological survey of the english word-stock
- •Lecture 8
- •Various aspects of vocabulary units and replenishment of modern english word-stock. Variants and dialects of the english language
- •Lecture 9 fundamentals of english lexicography
Lecture 2 semasiology
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Гопштейн М. А. Полисемия в разных частях речи (в соврем. англ. яз.). – Мос. гос. пед. ин-т ин. яз. им. М. Тореза. – М., 1977. – 126 с.
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Lecture 3 word-groups and phraseological units
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Влахов С., Флорин С. Непереводимое в переводе: учебное пособие. – М.: Международные отношения. – 1980. – 342 с.
Головин Б. Н., Кобрин Р. Ю. Лингвистические основы учения о терминах. – М.: Высшая школа, 1987. – 105 с.
Кузьмин С. С. Перевод русских фразеологизмов на английский язык. – M.: Высшая школа. – 1977. – 270 с.
Кунин А. В. Фразеология современного английского языка. – М.: Международные отношения, 1972. – 288 c.
Сафиуллина Г. Р., Доломанова Е. В. Фразеологические единицы английского языка, относящиеся к сфере политической деятельности. // Сопоставительная филология и полилингвизм. Сборник научных трудов. – Казань: Казанский государственный университет, 2003. – С. 113–119.
Ярцева В. Н. Основной характер словосочетания в английском языке. – Известия Академии наук СССР. Отделение литературы и языка. — М.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1947. – 508 c.
U. Weinreich Problems in the Analysis of Idioms: Substance and Structure of Language. – University of California Press, Berkley and Los Angeles. – 1984.