Exercises:

1. Complete the sentences.

1. The ………………….. is the aim or purpose of the research.

2. The ………………….. is the location – the country, or part of a country (e.g. a hospital, school, etc.).

3. The …………………….are the people that the researchers studied.

4. An ……………………... is a result.

5. The …………………….. is the type of study, for example randomized controlled trial.

2. Which parts of the abstract answer the questions:

1. Who took part in the study?

2. What was the aim of the study?

3. Where was it carried out?

4. What did they measure?

5. What type of study was it?

6. According to this study, does retiring early prolong life?

3. The sections of the abstract below are in the wrong order, and the headings have been removed. Decide the correct order, and give each section a title.

1. England, Scotland, and Wales.

2. History of asthma, wheezy bronchitis, or wheezing obtained from interview with subjects’ parents at ages 7, 11, and 16 and reported at interview by subjects at ages 23 and 33.

3. To describe the incidence […] of wheezing illness from birth to age 33 and the relation of incidence to perinatal, medical, social, environmental, and lifestyle factors.

4. The cumulative incidence of wheezing illness was 18% by age 7, 24% by age 16, and 43% by age 33. Incidence during childhood was strongly and independently associated with pneumonia, hay fever, and eczema. […] Incidence from age 17 to 33 was associated strongly with active cigarette smoking and a history of hay fever. […]

5. Active cigarette smoking is major influence on the incidence and recurrence of wheezing during adulthood.

6. 18, 559 people born on 3 – 9 March 1958. 5801 (31%) contributed information at ages 7, 11, 16, 23, and 33 years.

7. Prospective longitudinal study.

(BMJ 2005; Amended with permission from the BMJ Publishing Group)

4. Some journals use different headings to those in the BMJ. Match the headings (1 – 5) to the corresponding BMJ ( a – e).

1. Findings

2. Purpose

3. Background

4. Interpretation

5. Participants

1. Introduction

2. Objective

3. Subjects

4. Results

5. Conclusion

Part II Lexical Exercises Parts of the body

Parts of the body

Look at the words in the box, which describe the parts of the body.

Which are:

a) inside the body? b) limbs? c) joints? d) other?

Which could you break? Which could you sprain?

wrist thumb toe heart leg muscle ankle elbow knee arm vein forehead lung thigh calf shoulder finger hip chest tongue stomach

Match these sentence halves.

1. I think I've broken

2. The nurse said I'll need some

3. She's had difficulty

4. I'm afraid you'll be in a

5. I come out in a rash

6. She hurt her neck

7. You'll need some injections

8. Take one of these tablets

9. You've got a temperature

10. I've got a bruise on my leg

1. wheelchair for at least a month.

2. of nearly 39°C.

3. quite badly in the car accident.

4. three times a day after meals.

5. stitches as it’s quite a deep cut.

6. where I walked into the kitchen table.

7. breathing and she fainted this morning.

8. whenever I get close to cats.

9. before you go travelling in Africa.

10. a bone in my foot.

Complete the gaps in this mail message with words from Exercise 2 in the correct form.

… and a strange thing happened to my brother, Simon, yesterday. Apparently it all started when he had some problems(1)…………… in the afternoon. A little later, he suddenly (2)……………. and just collapsed on the floor. Luckily, I was in the flat and called an ambulance. When the paramedics arrived, he came to slowly, but they still put him in a (3)……………….. as he couldn’t walk properly. At the hospital he had to have three or four (4) ………… as he'd cut his arm quite badly when he fell. The nurse said he'd also need some blood tests. This made him very upset as he hates having (5)……………. . He seems OK now, but he has a terrible black and yellow (6)………… on his arm around the cut.

Underline the correct word in each pair.

1. A sore throat and a headache are signs/symptoms of flu.

2. You'd better go to bed. You've got a temperature/ fever of 38!

3. My friend injured/wounded his shoulder when he was playing football.

4. He's been complaining of a sharp ache/pain in his back.

5. The best way to treat a sprained ankle is to put a tight bandage round the

wound/injury.

6. My sister is in bed with a chest disease/infection.

7. Did you know that herbal therapists use poisonous plants to cure/heal headaches?

8. It takes time to cure/recover from an operation.

9. Flu cannot be treated/operated with antibiotics.

10. If you’ve got a sore throat, you should gargle/ bandage it.

11. Now that I’ve discovered that I am allergic to/from strawberries, I will never eat them.

12. The footballer was wounded/injured in the second part of the match.

13. Whenever he eats oranges he gets rash/bruises all over his body.

14. My sister is afraid of height. When she looks down, she feels dizzy/sore.

15. Suddenly Tom felt a sharp pain/ache.

16. He’ll be out of game for a month with a sprained/dislocated shoulder.

17. The child fell off the bike and had to have stitches/sling in her leg.

18. You’ve been working hard and it has damaged/hurt your health.

Underline the most suitable word or phrase.

1. There were ten people waiting in the doctor's office/surgery/ward.

2. After I ate the shellfish, I experienced/fell/happened ill.

3. George's cut arm took over a week to сиrе/heal/look after.

4. David felt down the steps and twisted his ankle/heel/toe.

5. Everyone admired Lucy because she was tall and skinny/slim/thin.

6. I've been digging the garden and now my back aches/pains/injuries.

7. Whenever I travel by boat I start feeling hurt/sick/sore.

8. The doctor can't say what is wrong with you until she cures/examines/recovers you.

9. Use this thermometer and take his fever/heat/temperature.

10. I seem to have caught/infected/taken a cold.

Replace the words in italics with one of the words from the box. Use each word once only.

agony body breath look stomachache beard brains heart spine tongue

1. Janet fell from her horse and injured her backbone.

2. I had a very bad toothache, and was in great pain all night.

3. The police discovered the dead person buried in the garden.

4. One thing you can say about Ann, she has certainly got intelligence.

5. They have a new house right in the centre of the countryside.

6. Italian is actually Mary’s native language.

7. Before I dived in the water, I took a deep mouthful of air.

8. After dinner, Jack had a pain from eating too much.

9. Shirley had a strange expression on her face.

10. David managed to grow a lot of hair on his face.

Complete each sentence with a word from the box. Use each word once only.

cheek knees neck waist chin lips nose thumb wrist throat

1. After speaking for two hours, the lecture had a sore…………….

2. Terry was on his hands and…………….looking for the fallen coin.

3. Paul gave his aunt an affectionate kiss on the……………………..

4. There was such a terrible smell that I had to hold my……………..

5. Stan is deaf, but he can understand people by reading their……….

6. I never wear a watch because I don’t like the weight on my………

7. One of the boxers punched the other on the …………and knocked him out.

8. When Diane was a baby, she used to suck her……………………..

9. I’ve lost a lot of weight, especially around the ……………………

10. Norma wears a heart on a gold chain around her………………….

Complete each sentence (a-j) with a suitable ending (1-10). Use each ending once.

1. I think we should send for an ambulance

2. Some people go jogging every morning

3. It would be a good idea for you to go to the dentist's…...

4. The doctor gave Andy an injection

5. I'm going into hospital tomorrow…….

6. We took the cat to the vet……

7. Susan took two aspirins…….

h) Nobody could find a stretcher…….

i) The doctor gave Helen a prescription

j) I bought some special cream

1. to have that bad tooth of yours taken out. .

2. to check whether it had recovered from its accident.

3. to take old Mrs Jones to hospital.

4. to put on my sunburnt arms and legs.

5. to get rid of her headache.

6. to reduce the pain and help him sleep.

7. to take to the chemist's.

8. to keep fit, or to lose some weight.

9. to carry the injured man out of the building.

10. to have an operation on my foot.

Choose the most suitable word or phrase to complete each sentence.

a) Martin hasn't quite his illness yet.

A) recovered B) got over C) looked after D) suffered

b) Pauline birth to a baby girl yesterday afternoon.

A) was B) put C) had D) gave

c) Your leg isn’t broken but it is badly ……….

A) fractured B) bruised C) bandaged D)bent

d) Several angry drivers shook their at me as I drove away

A) fists B) arms C) hands D) elbows

e) That was a bad fall! Have you yourself

A) harmed B) damaged C) wounded D) hurt

f) Each time I sneezed, everyone said, ....you!

A) Cough B) Bless C) Cold D) Thank

g) Stop making that noise! You're getting on my

A) muscles B) brains C) nerves D) blood

h) As the little boy cried, large rolled down his cheeks

A) drips B) tears C) puddles D) streams

i) I had severe toothache ,and half my face was badly ....

A) swollen B) rounded C) exploded D) injured

j) I've got a headache, and I don't tee! very .

A) healthy B) fit C) sane D)well

Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.

A visit to the doctor's

Jim decided to visit the doctor after his trip to the jungle.

He was normally a tall (1) …………. person, but over the MUSCLE

past month he had lost a lot of (2) ……….He had also WEIGH

noticed that his ankles and knees had become rather (3)….. PAIN

He thought that he might have eaten or drunk something

(4) ……… or caught some kind POISON

of (5) .......disease. The doctor took some blood for tests INFECT

and told Jim to go back a week later.

This time the doctor had an optimistic (6)……..on her EXPRESS

face, and Jim felt quite (7) …............... .'Don't worry,' said HEART

the doctor,-'it's nothing serious. You haven't caught an (8)..... CURE disease, or anything terrible like that. It's a simple virus,

and you will need some (9) ………. Tаke these tablets twice TREAT

a day for two weeks, and you'll make a full (10) …………. RECOVER

Match each sentence (a-j) with a suitable sentence (1-10) below which has the same meaning.

1. Henry's heart was in the right place…………..

2. Paul held his tongue

3. Richard jawed away for at least an hour

4. Dave had a lot of cheek to talk like that

5. Keith couldn't stomach his new boss

6. Harry backed his boss

7. William kept poking his nose in

h) Graham thumbed a lift to work

i) Charles put his foot in it

j) Jack's heart ached to be where he belonged

1. He talked.

2. He supported him.

3. He said the wrong thing.

4. He was kind.

5. He was rather rude.

6. He didn't say anything.

7. He interfered in other people's business.

8. He hitchhiked.

9. He missed home.

10. He didn’t like him.

Complete each sentence with one suitable word.

1. I am afraid she is suffering………. an incurable disease.

2. I was ....... agony all night with earache.

3. I think you've put …a lot of weight lately.

4. The effect of this drug will slowly wear .......,

5. You really get ....... my nerves sometimes!

6. After Jack fainted it was several minutes before he ........round.

7. Is Carol being operated………….tomorrow?

8. Harry went…………..with flu during his holiday.

9. Peter was treated………….minor injuries and shock.

10. Don’t worry. I’ll take care …………..you myself.

Decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.

A disastrous holiday

The day Gerald arrived at the Almara Beach Hotel, he fell (1)…………the

stairs. The manager called a/an (2) ……, but fortunately Gerald's leg

was only badly (3) .;and not broken. The doctor (4) .…..

swimming as further (5) …but gave Gerald a/an (6) ……... for

some tablets in case his leg became (7) The next day Gerald

sunbathed by the pool, and then took a deep (8) ………….. and dived into

the water. There was not very much water in the pool, and he (9) ……

one of his arms when he hit the bottom. This time he complained to the hotel manager, who sent a special meal to Gerald's room. Later that night, Gerald was (10)………... from a (11)…………. back, the injuries to his arm and leg, and also had a terrible (12)…………He had a high (13)…….and felt terrible. Luckily he had the tablets the doctor had given him to (14)……… the pain. As he reached for them, he fell out of bed and broke his(15) …….. He spent the rest of his holiday in bed.

1. A down В to С with D for

2. A stretcher В prescription С ambulance D emergency

3. A sick В bruised С hurt D infected

4. A went В prevented С said D recommended

5. A medicine В cure С drugs D treatment

6. A recipe В paper С prescription D order

7. A painful В pained С painless D pain

8. A end В breath С mouthful D water

9. A hurt В injury С ached D sore

10. A ill В injured С suffering D damaged

11. A sunny В sunburnt С sunshine D grilled

12. A agony В hurt С heat D stomachache

13. A pain В temperature Cache D degree

14. A hold В check С rid D reduce

15. A waist В lips С wrist D throat

Write the words for the definitions.

1) the piece of paper on which a doctor writes the name of the medicine you need _______

2) saying exactly what illness a person has (noun) ___________

3) a photo taken of the inside of the human body using a special light ___________

4) a sudden illness which attacks the brain and can leave a person unable to move part of their body __

5) a building where GPs see their patients ____________

6) an amount of a drug which is too much and therefore is not safe__________

7) (of a woman) having a baby developing in her body (adjective)____________

8) a change in your body which is a sign of illness ________

Complete the text with a world or expression from the list.

acupuncture cough days off GP lose weight make an appointment

рut on side effects sneezing virus

My father didn’t feel well. He was (1)_________ a lot and had a bad (2)_________ so he decided to (3) _________ to see his (4) __________ . The doctor told him he probably had a (5) __________ and advised him to take a few (6) ________ and rest. He also said he should stop smoking. My father said he had tried but couldn’t, so the doctor recommended (7) ________. It was successful and he has now given up, but unfortunately there have been (8) _______: he has (9) ________ nearly three kilos in two weeks. Soon he’ll have to go back to the doctor to ask how to (10)____.