Порівняльна граматика

Варіант 1

Typology of the Phonetic and Phonological Systems

1.What Ukrainian vowels don’t make oppositions to English ones?

a)/ æ /, / i /, / ə /;

b)/ i: /, / o /, / u: /;

c)/ α: /, / υ: /, / o: /;

d)/ u: /, / e /, / æ /.

2. Isomorphic in the vowel systems of English and Ukrainian is…

a)their quantitative representation and their qualitative characteristics;

b)combinability and functioning of vowels in words and syllables;

c)the existence of a group of similar monophthongs and their qualitative characteristics;

d)the existence of a group of similar monophthongs and factors which predetermine their arrangement.

2. Allomorphic in the vowel systems of English and Ukrainian is…

   1. their qualitative characteristics and factors that predetermine them;

   2. their qualitative characteristics and quantitative representation;

   3. the existence of a group of similar monophthongs and their qualitative characteristics;

   4. the existence of a group of similar monophthongs and factors which predetermine their arrangement.

3. Point out the groups of binary oppositions which are observed in English only.

   1. high-broad vs. low-broad vowels;

   2. high-broad vs. low-narrow vowels;

   3. a monophthong vs. a diphthong;

   4. high-broad vs. mid-narrow vowels;

4. Choose common features which are represented in the systems of vowels in English and Ukrainian.

   1. nasalization;

   2. palatalization;

   3. assimilation;

   4. mutation.

5. What articulatory zones don’t belong to multiple oppositions of consonant sounds?

   1. the labial;

   2. the back-lingual;

   3. the midlingual;

   4. the interdental;

6. Choose a true assertion.

   1. according to the acoustic principle, the word is supposed to consist not of separate sounds/ phonems but of separate syllables;

   2. the acoustic principle always help to distinguish the boundary between the syllables in an unstressed position;

   3. according to the acoustic principle, the syllable represents a single expiratory utterance which begins with the onset of a fresh expiratory pulse and concludes with a slope;

   4. according to the acoustic principle the syllable is an utterance consisting of one or more syllable-forming speech sounds.

7. What English letters don’t form closed syllables in the end of the word?

   1. q, f, p, s;

   2. w, n, k, r;

   3. h, j, r, w;

   4. j, m, v, x.

Typology of the Lexical System

1. What do the extralingual factors predetermine?

   1. the functioning of dialectal lexicons in any language;

   2. the systemic organization of lexicon;

   3. the classification of lexicon;

   4. the relationship of English lexicon and Ukrainian one.

2. In accord with the most general implicit lexico-grammatical meanings of words they are grouped in all the languages into:

   1. nominal and verbal;

   2. dialectal and international;

   3. notional and functional;

   4. denotative and connotative words.

3. What functionals are not common in English and Ukrainian?

   1. the interjections;

   2. the particles;

   3. the prepositions;

   4. the articles.

4. Choose the row of uncountable non-person nouns.

   1. finance, contrariety, cruise, goose;

   2. family, electron, love, biology;

   3. butter, sugar, silver, steam;

   4. gas, bread, equation, poultry.

5. The old forms of words mainly used in poetic works or in solemn speech are…

   1. poetic words;

   2. archaisms;

   3. bookish words;

   4. slangisms.

6. How are denotative and connotative words distinguished?

   1. on the basis of their informational structure;

   2. on the basis of their lexico-grammatical nature;

   3. on the basis of their peculiar stylistic function;

   4. on the basis of their stylistic features.

7. How are the onomasiological characteristics of a word displayed?

   1. through its lexico-grammatical nature;

   2. through its semantic structure;

   3. through its morphological structure and its categorical meaning;

   4. through its lexical nature and stylistic meaning.

8. What isn’t included in the inner means of nomination?

   1. sentence;

   2. morpheme;

   3. phoneme;

   4. phrase;

9. Find the English equivalent to the Ukrainian phrase “легке життя”

   1. secular arm;

   2. bed of thorns;

   3. high life;

   4. bed of roses;