Контрольная работа 2

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить работу 2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1. Видо-временные формы глагола: а) активный залог – формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future); б) пассивный залог – формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future).

Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.

2. Модальные глаголы: а) выражающие возможность: can (could), may и эквивалент глагола can – to be able; б) выражающие долженствование: must, его эквиваленты to have to и to be to; should.

3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I (Present Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Gerund – герундий, простые формы.

4. Определительные и дополнительные придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.

5. Интернациональные слова.

Используйте следующие образцы выполнения упражнений.

Образец выполнения 1 (к упр. I)

a) Lobachevsky’s had revolutionized mathematics and the philosophy of science.	Геометрия Лобачевского произвела коренное изменение в математике и философии науки.
had revolutionized – Past Perfect Active от глагола to revolutionize
b) The new laboratory equipment was sent for yesterday.	Вчера послали за новым оборудованием лаборатории.
was sent for – Past Indefinite Passive от глагола to send

Образец выполнения 2 (к упр. II)

1. The changes affecting the composition of materials are called chemical changes	Изменения, влияющие на состав материалов, называются химическими изменениями.
Affecting – Participle I, определение
2. When heated to the boiling point water evaporates	Когда воду нагревают до точки кипения, она испаряется. (или: При нагревании до точки кипения вода испаряется)
(When) heated – Participle II, обстоятельство
3. Heat is radiated by the Sun to the Earth.	Тепло излучается Солнцем на Землю.
Radiated – Participle II, составная часть видовременной формы Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to radiate

Вариант 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

а)

1. He was shown the way to the station.

2. The students’ compositions will be corrected by the teacher.

б)

1. Where have you put my dictionary?

2. Mr. D has come. He is waiting for you downstairs.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The article on agriculture published in this magazine was written by Smirnov.

2. The boy playing in the garden is my sister’s son.

3. What do you call a ship built for the transportation of timber?

4. You can get the book recommended by our teacher in the library.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The ship may arrive tomorrow morning.

2. Some mistakes must have been made in assembling the parts of the machine.

3. Did you have to get up early yesterday?

4. You shouldn’t begin a new book if you haven’t finished reading this book.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 2, 3

MARIE CURIE AND THE DISCOVERY OF RADIUM

1. Marie Curie was born in Warsaw on 7 November, 1867. Her father was a teacher of science and mathematics in a school in the town, and from him little Maria Sklodowska - which was her Polish name - learned her first lessons in science. Maria's wish was to study at the Sorbonne in Paris, and after many years of waiting she finally left her native land in 1891.

2. In Paris Maria began a course of hard study and simple living. She determined to work for two Master's degrees - one in Physics, the other in Mathematics. Thus she had to work twice as hard as the ordinary student. Yet she had scarcely enough money to live on. She lived in the poorest quarter of Paris. Night after night, after her hard day's work at the University, she got to her poorly furnished room and worked at her books steadily for hours. Sometimes she had no more than a bag of cherries. Though she was often weak and ill, she worked in this way for four years. She had chosen her course and nothing could turn her from it.

3. Among the many scientists Maria met and worked with in Paris was Pierre Curie. Pierre Curie, born in 1859 in Paris, was the son of a doctor, and from early childhood he had been fascinated by science.

At sixteen he was a Bachelor of Science, and he took his Master's degree in Physics when he was eighteen: When he met Maria Sklodowska he was thirty-five years old and was famous throughout Europe for his discoveries in magnetism. But in spite of the honour he had brought to France by his discoveries, the French Government could only give him a very little salary as a reward, and the University of Paris refused him a laboratory of his own for his researches.

4. Pierre Curie and Maria Sklodowska, both of whom loved science more than anything else, very soon became the closest friends. They worked together constantly and discussed many problems of their researches. After little more than a year they fell in love with each other, and in 1895 Maria Sklodowska became Mme. Curie. Theirs was not only to be a very happy marriage but also one of the greatest scientific partnerships.

Marie had been the greatest woman-scientist of her day but she was a mother too, a very loving one. There were their two little girls, Irene and Eve.

5. By this time Mme. Curie had obtained her Master's degree in Physics and Mathematics, and was busy with researches on steel. She now wished to obtain a Doctor's degree. For this it was necessary to offer to the examiners a special study, called a thesis.

NOTES TO THE TEXT

science - зд. естественные науки

thesis - зд. диссертация

pitchblende - уранит (урановая смолка)

V. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. What was the father of Maria Sklodowska (Curie)?

2. Why did Maria have to work twice as hard as the ordinary student?

3. How old was Pierre Curie when he took his Master’s degree?

4. When did Maria Sklodowska become Mme. Curie?