Waste disposal strategy

Offshore operators should (must) continually strive to reduce both the volumes of wastes being discharged and the concentrations of contaminants. The Guidelines should (must) be viewed as the minimum requirements at the time of publication and when new waste treatment technology and disposal procedures become available, that are technically and economically feasible in treating and reducing waste, these should be considered for use.

Treatment and disposal of specific wastes.

Produced water ……………………….40mg/l

Drilling Muds ……………..water/synthetic oil, 5% aromatic content

Drill Solids …………………..limit discharges no treatment-water/synthetic 15g/100 g oil – dry solids

Ballast Water ………..15mg/l

Deck Drainage ……..15mg/l

Produces sand ………….. case by case

Well Treatment ……….Fluids 40 mg/l

Cooling Water ………… no restrictions

Sanitary and Food Wastes ………6mm

Fire Control Systems ……….no restrictions

Other Wastes and Residues ………….no discharges

Glossary

COGOA – Canada Oil and Gas Operations Act –закон о деятельности в нефтяном и газовом секторе Канады

ACCORD – Canada-Newfoundland and Canada-Nova Scotia Accord Act – закон о соглашениях между Канадой и провинциями Ньюфаундленд и Нова Скошия

Produced Water – пластовая вода

Drill solids – буровая мука

Well Treatment – жидкости отработки скважины

SRS 7

Technical translation – Agriculture / Animal Breeding

Assignment: translate texts – Conditioning and Hydrothermal Treatment of Compound Feed; Advanced Technology for the Feed Mill Industry.

Aim: to apply theoretical knowledge into practice translating texts from the field of agriculture/animal breeding.

Literature and resources:

• Lecture 11 – Scientific-technical translation

• www.multitran.ru

• www.macmillandictionary.com

Questions to answer:

1. What is the difference between words livestock and animal breeding?

2. How do you understand the meaning of the word – input?

Conditioning and Hydrothermal Treatment of Compound Feed.

Efficiency of animal breeding depends on genetics, management and nutrition. The main factor in nutrition is feed quality. Feed quality means hygienic, nutritional and physical quality and is influenced importantly by conditioning and/or hydrothermal treatment of the feed.

The main parameters influencing the feed treatment are moisture, temperature, retention time, mechanical energy input and addition of additives like enzymes or catalysts.

The characteristics of the following conditioners are shown:

Dosing and mixing;

Continuous mixer;

Short time conditioner;

Long time conditioner;

Hydrothermal pressure conditioner.

The process parameters and the application of these conditioners are explained.

Depending on the purposes, either treatment of complete compound feed mixtures or single components like full fat soya, rape seed, cotton seed and depending on the required final result, a combination of various conditioners might be necessary.

In traditional pelleting conditioning is influencing the pellet quality only by 20%, whereas more sophisticated conditioning influences the pellet and feed quality up to 50%, which gives:

More flexibility in feed formulation;

More flexibility in process parameters;

Higher feed quality;

Better nutritional results.