Сравнительные конструкции

Союз as...as ‑ так же ... как и, такой же ... как и употребляется при сравнении равных величин или качеств; not so ... as ‑ не такой ... как, не так ... как и союз than ‑ чем, при сравнении разных величин или качеств.

Сочетание определенного артикля со сравнительной степенью прилагательного или наречия the (more) ... the (better) переводится на русский язык парным союзом чем (больше) ... тем (лучше).

My brother is as tall as I am.

Мой брат такой же высокий, как и я

This place is not so beautiful as that one.

Это место не такое красивое, как то.

The more you read the more you know.

Чем больше ты читаешь, тем больше знаешь.

E X E R C I S E

 Прочтите, найдите сравнительную конструкцию и переведите предложения.

1) This judge is as experienced as that one.

2) This case is not so difficult as the previous one.

3) The building of the regional court is older than the building of the district court.

4) The more developed is the society, the more perfect are its laws.

5) The more widely a court sentence is made public, the greater

is its significance for the prevention of crime.

6) Some new evidence were not so important as the previous ones.

7) The House of Lords is not so influential as the House of Commons.

8) The lobbyists are often more influential than the Congressmen.

9) This political party is as strong as that one.

10) The more serious the case is, the more time it will take you to investigate it.

Парные союзы

Парные союзы состоят из двух слов. К ним относятся союзы: both...and -- и...и (как...так и), either...or -- либо...либо

(или...или), neither...nor -- ни...ни.

В предложениях с союзами neither...nor сказуемое переводится глаголом в отрицательной форме.

Both my friend and I study law.

Как мой друг так и я, изучаем право.

You may take either this book or that one.

Ты можешь взять либо эту книгу, либо ту.

Neither my brother nor my sister could help me.

Ни мой брат, ни сестра не смогли помочь мне.

E X E R C I S E

 Прочтите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на парные союзы.

1) This particular case is to be considered either by a regional court or a court of equal standing.

2) Each state body exercises either legislative or executive power.

3) Both the draft of the resolution and the amendments were approved of by all those present at the meeting.

4) In pronouncing its decisions or sentetces the court is influenced neither by the state nor public organs.

5) Persons who neither respect our laws nor perform their duties properly need special influence.

 Прочтите текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание.

TEXT A

THE MILITIA IN RUSSIA

The usual militia tasks are carried out under the responsibility of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The Ministry is also in charge of prisons and corrective labour institutions, fire protection and other various matters. It has its own armed forces which are completely separate from the regular army.

At the top of the organizational pyramid is the chief department of the Militia within the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The duties of the militia concern the maintenance of public order, the fight against crime.

A special aspect of the crime prevetion function of the militia is the function of administrative supervision over some categories of former prisoners.

A separate and special function of the militia is the administration and inspection of motor vehicles which is intrusted to the State Automobile Inspection.

Militia departments are organized in sections: regular (uniformed) service, criminal investigation section, a special section for the struggle against economiс crimes, a passport section, a motor vehicle section, a section for prosecution and preliminary investigation and sections for training and administration.

Along with the general territorially organized militia, there is a special transport militia, which carries out its functions on railway and water transport.

E X E R C I S E S

 1. Прочтите и переведите следующие группы слов, обращая внимание на суффиксы и приставки:

responsibility - responsible - irresponsible; usual - usually - unusual; arms - armament - disarmament; to prevent - prevention - preventive; prison - prisoner - to imprison - imprisonment.

 2. Дайте перевод следующих словосочетаний:

1) министерство внутренних дел; нести ответственность; исправительно-трудовые учреждения; поддержание общественного порядка; борьба с преступностью; профилактика преступности; транспортная милиция; ГАИ.

2) militia tasks; prison; fire protection; chief department; supervision over smth.; criminal investigation section; to carry out one's functions.

 3. Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых говорится о том,

- за что МВД несет ответственность

- чего касаются обязанности милиции

- что составляет особый аспект профилактики преступности

- какие существуют отделы

- каковы функции транспортной милиции

 4. Прочтите текст еще раз и переведите его.

 5. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1) Under whose responsibility are the usual militia tasks carried out ?

2) Has the Ministry of Internal Affairs its own armed forces ?

3) What do the duties of the milinia concern ?

4) What are the funcnions of the militia ?

5) In what sections are the militia departments organized ?

 Переведите следующий текст письменно.

TEXT B

POLICE SERVICE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

In Great Britain the police forces are formed and administered financially by the local authorities.

According to the area within their jurisdiction they form: county forces, city and borough forces, combined forces, the Metropolitan Police Force and the City of London Police Force. The area within the jurisdiction of a police force is known as a police district, which may be organized in divisions, subdivisions, sections and beats, varying in size according to the population. The duties of police are: the maintenance of public order, the prevention of crime, the protection of persons and property, traffic control and rural duties.

The police establish guilt and they are responsible for the whole investigation. Although free to question any person, whether suspect or not, the police must strictly respect certain administrative rules.

R E V I E W M A T E R I A L

E X E R C I S E S

 1. Прочитайте и переведите следующие группы слов, обращая внимание на суффиксы и приставки:

to maintain - maintained - maintaining - maintenance;

crime - criminal - criminality - to incriminate;

to prevent - preventing - prevented - preventive - prevention;

to supervise - supervising - supervision - supervisory;

to violate - violated - violating - violation;

prison - prisoner - to imprison - imprisonment.

 2. Определите время и залог следующих глагольных форм и переведите их.

have changed; shall have given; have been done; will have established; had investigated; had been arrested; will have been imprisoned; have violated; had been supervised.

 3. Прочтите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на местоимение it .

1) In the report it was said about the results of the work of our investigation section.

2) The investigation of this case has not been completed yet, as it is very difficult.

3) It was noted that the duties of the militia concern both the maintenance of public order and the fight against crime.

4) It will not take you much time to read the article on Police Service in the United Kingdom, as it is not long.

5) It is expected that the trial wouldn't last long.

 4. Поставьте глагол, данный в скобках, в нужной форме и переведите предложения.

1) The workers of the criminal investigation section (to find out) already the criminal group.

2) It was announced that a man sentenced to prison (to run away).

3) By the end of this month our section for the struggle against economic crimes (to complete) the investigation of this case.

4) Some corrective labour institutions (to inspect) by the workers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

5) Many effective measures (to undertake) in the fight against crime by our regional militia department.

6) The report of the work of this district State Automobile Inspection (to do) by the end of the week.

7) The investigator has interviewed many witnesses and (to get) some new evidence.

8) After the guilt (to establish) the suspect was sentenced to prison.

• Прочтите текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание.

THE POLICE AND THEIR PEACEKEEPING FUNCTIONS

The primary object of an efficient police is the prevention of crime; the next is the detection and punishment of the offenders if crime is committed. To these ends all the efforts of the police must be directed.

The protection of life and property, the preservation of public tranquillity and the absence of crime will alone prove whether those efforts have been successful and whether the objects for which the police were appointed have been obtained.

The job of the police is not to decide innocence or guilt.

That's the job of a judge and jury. The police should arrest every law violator, no matter whether he agrees or disagrees with the law or the reason the person violated the law. The law is the law and the job of the police is to enforce the law.

Law is something more than a set of rules. Individual situations demand individual solutions. Policemen must be more than robots mindlessly carrying out the law. Whether we like it or not the police must be given authority in what circumstances the law is to be enforced and in what circumstances it should be used.

E X E R C I S E S

 1. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова и словосочетания:

профилактика преступности; задержание и наказание преступников; совершать преступление; сохранение общественного порядка (спокойствия); невиновность; вина; нарушать закон; присяжные; укреплять закон; отсутствие преступности.

 2. Дополните предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста. Прочтите и переведите их.

1) The primary object of an efficient police is ...

2) The job of the police is not to decide ...

3) The police should arrest ...

4) The job of the police is to ...

5) Law is ...

6) The police must be given the authority ...

 3. Прочтите текст еще раз и переведите его.

TIME FOR FUN

 Прочтите текст и расскажите по-русски его содержание.

NOT A ROBBER

A young man who lived in the suburbs of a big town in England was going home from the railway station. It was a dark night and there was nobody in the street. He was walking as fast as he could when suddenly he heard that somebody was following him. The faster he went, the faster the mah behind him followed him. The man started to run and the man behind him also started to run.

Then at last he decided to turn into a side-street to see what the man would do. So he did and began to walk as fast as he could. After some time the man looked back and saw that the man was still following him. "That man behind me wants to rob me", thought the first man and seeing a high wall around a garden jumped over it. The other man jumped over the wall too. Now he was quite sure that the man behind him was a robber, but he could not understand why the robber was not in a hurry to attack him.

The man did not know what to do. Then he turned round and said: "What do you want ? Why are you following me ?" "Do you always go home like this or are you having some exercise in jumping tonight ?", answered the other man. "I'm going to Mr. White and the man at the station told me to go after you and that I should find the house quite easily as Mr. White lives near you. Excuse me please, but will you have some more gymnastics or will you go straight home ?"