- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Practice work
- •Glossary
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme «The subject, purposes and methods of pathological physiology”.
- •Case study
- •3. How can you experimentally check your presumptions about the nature of the pathologic process?
- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Practical work of students
- •Questions 1. What factors affect the mouse in this experiment?
- •2. Which of these factors could be considered the leading cause of the pathologic process - hypobaric hypoxia?
- •Pathogenesis of High altitude disease
- •Vicious circle in pathogenesis of High altitute disease
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme «General etiology and pathogenesis. Effects of low barometric pressure on an organism”
- •Case Study Case 1. A group of tourists came under heavy rain. A day later, one of them developed pneumonia. Questions:
- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Glossary:
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme «The role of reactivity of an organism in pathology”
- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Practical work of students
- •Explain the pathogenesis of hemolysis in tubes №№ 2-5 and the absence of hemolysis in tube number 1. Glossary
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme “Cell injury”
- •Case Study
- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Practical work of students
- •I nfection, ischemia, traumas, tumors, burns, immune pathological processes, etc.
- •The significance of acute phase reactions for organism
- •Glossary
- •Types of fever on the basis of the extent of temperature elevation:
- •Types of fever on the basis of temperature fluctuation:
- •- Remittent (fluctuation 1-20c) (viral and bacterial infections, exudative pleuritis)
- •Control -test Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme “systemic organism’s response to damage. Fever”
- •Case Study
- •Control – conclusions on the cases
- •The approximate timing of class
- •Practical work of students
- •Glossary
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme “Disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism”
- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Vasoconstriction Vasodilation of brain vessels High irritability of n. Vagus
- •Non respiratory (metabolic) alkalosis
- •Compensatory mechanisms at abb disorders
- •Glossary
- •Nongaseous acidosis (metabolic, exogenous, excretory) develops when there is accumulation of acidic products (metabolic disorders, acid intake from outside, diarrhea)
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme “Acid-base disorders”
- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Practical work of students
- •Glossary
- •Control -test Office hours (2) Midterm control 1
- •The approximate timing of class
- •Practical work of students
- •Глоссарий
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme “Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism”
- •The approximate timing of class
- •Case-study case 1
- •Control -test Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme “Disorders of protein and lipid metabolism”
Case Study
Case 1
Group high altitude workers, recently graduated from college and went to work, agreed to study the parameters of hormonal levels recorded directly during the workday . In young workers concentration of blood catecholamines and glucocorticoids increases 2-3 times. Experienced workers shows less pronounced increase in the level of these substances.
Questions: 1. What 's syndrome do workers develop ? 2 . What stage of the syndrome corresponds to an increase of blood adrenaline and glucocorticoids in young workers? Explain the pathogenesis. 3 . What stage of the syndrome do workers with experience have? Explain the pathogenesis 4 . What is the significance of the development of this syndrome for organism?
Case 2
Patient T. , 29 years old received 2 degree burns of the hands, the front surface of the trunk and face. Lesion area was 30%. Patient is excited, has high pain reaction, thirst. Objective: consciousness is kept, the memory is not broken, he is oriented in space and time. Blood pressure is 150 /90 mm Hg After 15 minutes, blood pressure decreased to 90/60 , consciousness has become entangled . Questions: 1. Name the diagnose of the patient’s state? 2 . What stage of this state corresponds to the clinical picture in the first 15 minutes? Explain the pathogenesis 3 . What stage of this state corresponds to the clinical picture after 15 minutes? Explain the pathogenesis 4 . Offer the principles of pathogenetic therapy
Case 3
Patient D., 24 years old suffering from diabetes, fainted after insulin injections. Glucose level decreased to 2 mmol / l. Reflexes are absent. Questions: 1. Name the diagnose of the patient’s state? 2. Name the stage 3. Make a pathogentic scheme of neuronal damage 4. Is there an osmotic neuronal damage in this case? Justify the answer
Case 4
Patient P., 18 years old, entered the hospital with lobar pneumonia. Temperature is 40.50 C. Skin is pale, dry, with "goose bumps", pulse is 98 per minute, tongue is coated, poor appetite.
Questions: 1. What type of fever has the patient? 2. Explain the etiology and pathogenesis of the temperature increase? 3. Name the stage of the fever 4. Explain the pathogenesis of the symptoms
Case 5
A patient with myocardial infarction has increased body temperature, increased level of CRP.Questions: 1. Explain the etiology and pathogenesis of the patient’s fever 2. Explain the pathogenesis of increase in CRP 3. Name the stages of fever, describe the features of thermoregulation at different stages of fever 4. Does fever at myocardial infarction have a protective value?
Case 6
Do we need antipyretic therapy in the case of : 1 ) patient is 70, has adenoviral infection, the temperature has risen to 390 C, pulse is weak filling 110 per min. The heart is enlarged to the left and right. 2 ) patient is 18, has acute appendicitis, temperature is 380 C, pulse is 82 per min.
Qestions: 1. Do we need antipyretic therapy in case 1) 2 . Do we need antipyretic therapy in case 2) 3 . Explain the pathogenesis of temperature elevation in infectious diseases 4 . Explain the biological significance of fever.
Hand-outs: cases, lecture, multimedia presentation
THE LIST OF LITERATURE:
The basic
Litvitsky P.F., Pirozhkov S.V., Tezikov E.B. Concise lectures and tests on pathophysiology E-tekstbook. – ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2007
Lectures, handouts.
Pathologic basis of disease. Hemodynamic disorders. Shock. V.Kumar, A.K. Abbas, S.N. Fausto, 8th edition, 2010, P. 47-48/ 122-139
Basic Pathology. Hemodynamic disorders. Shock Vinay Kumar, Ramsi S. Cotran, Stanley L. Robbins. 9th edition, 2013.- P 63 – 71, 911-922
Additional
5. Textbook of pathology. Hemodynamic disorders. Shock Harsh Mohan 3rd edition, Delhi, 1998, P. 133-156.