- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Practice work
- •Glossary
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme «The subject, purposes and methods of pathological physiology”.
- •Case study
- •3. How can you experimentally check your presumptions about the nature of the pathologic process?
- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Practical work of students
- •Questions 1. What factors affect the mouse in this experiment?
- •2. Which of these factors could be considered the leading cause of the pathologic process - hypobaric hypoxia?
- •Pathogenesis of High altitude disease
- •Vicious circle in pathogenesis of High altitute disease
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme «General etiology and pathogenesis. Effects of low barometric pressure on an organism”
- •Case Study Case 1. A group of tourists came under heavy rain. A day later, one of them developed pneumonia. Questions:
- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Glossary:
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme «The role of reactivity of an organism in pathology”
- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Practical work of students
- •Explain the pathogenesis of hemolysis in tubes №№ 2-5 and the absence of hemolysis in tube number 1. Glossary
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme “Cell injury”
- •Case Study
- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Practical work of students
- •I nfection, ischemia, traumas, tumors, burns, immune pathological processes, etc.
- •The significance of acute phase reactions for organism
- •Glossary
- •Types of fever on the basis of the extent of temperature elevation:
- •Types of fever on the basis of temperature fluctuation:
- •- Remittent (fluctuation 1-20c) (viral and bacterial infections, exudative pleuritis)
- •Control -test Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme “systemic organism’s response to damage. Fever”
- •Case Study
- •Control – conclusions on the cases
- •The approximate timing of class
- •Practical work of students
- •Glossary
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme “Disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism”
- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Vasoconstriction Vasodilation of brain vessels High irritability of n. Vagus
- •Non respiratory (metabolic) alkalosis
- •Compensatory mechanisms at abb disorders
- •Glossary
- •Nongaseous acidosis (metabolic, exogenous, excretory) develops when there is accumulation of acidic products (metabolic disorders, acid intake from outside, diarrhea)
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme “Acid-base disorders”
- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Practical work of students
- •Glossary
- •Control -test Office hours (2) Midterm control 1
- •The approximate timing of class
- •Practical work of students
- •Глоссарий
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme “Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism”
- •The approximate timing of class
- •Case-study case 1
- •Control -test Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme “Disorders of protein and lipid metabolism”
Pathogenesis of High altitude disease
T
T
CNS
Cardiovascular system
Respiratory system Blood system Skin |
Reduction in barometric pressure reduction рО2 in inhaled air hypoxemia metabolism disordersin glycolysis activation accumulation of lactic and piruvic acids acidosis lesions manifestations Euphoria, decreased mental proficiency, decreases judgment, memory and the performance of discrete motor movements, then depression of brain activity, disorders of movement coordination, convulsions and death. Tachycardia, cardiac output elevation, centralization of blood circulation
Hyperpnea which is changed by bradypnea, then periodic breathing.
Erythrocytosis Cyanosis |
Change of physical properties of gases and liquids
Decompression syndrome, meteorism, a pain in ears and frontal sinus, rupturing of microvessels, subcutaneous emphysema, gaseous embolism |
№ 2.
Vicious circle in pathogenesis of High altitute disease
Reduced рО2 in inhaled air
H excitation of the respiratory center hyperpnea hypocapnia, respiratory alkalosis depression of the respiratory center.
b |
№ 3.
The role of hypoxemia in pathogenesis of tachycardia, hyperpnea, erythrocytosis
H
YPOXEMIA
|
Respiratory center excitation
Hyperpnea |
Vasomotor center excitation
Tachycardia |
shifting of blood from depot
erythropoiesis activation
Erythrocytosis |
Glossary
Etiology (from Greek words aitia – reason, cause, logos - study) is the study about the causes and conditions of disease
Этиология (греч aitia – причина, logos-учение) - учение о причинах и условиях болезни
Этиология (грекше aitia – себеп, logos-ілім) - аурулардың себептері мен себепкер жағдайлары туралы ілім.
The cause of disease is the factor which causes the disease and gives specific features.
Причина – тот фактор, который вызывает болезнь и придает ей специфические черты
Себеп – ауруды дамытатын және оған арнайы белгі беретін жайт.
Conditions – are the factors which promote or prevent disease occurrence.
Условия – те факторы, которые способствуют или препятствуют возникновению болезни
Жағдай – аурудың пайда болуына кедергі немесе жағдай жасайтын жайттар
Pathogenesis (Greek. pathos - illness, genesis - development) is the study about mechanisms of disease development and outcomes.
Pathogenesis is a complex of the interconnected processes of damage and adaptation during diseases
Патогенез (греч. pathos - болезнь, genesis - развитие) – учение о механизмах развития, течения и исходов болезни.
Патогенез - комплекс взаимосвязанных процессов повреждения и адаптации организма, возникающих при болезни.
Патогенез (грекше pathos – ауру, дерт, genesis - даму) – аурудың даму тетіктері, ағымы, аяқталуы туралы ілім.
Патогенез – ауру кезінде туындайтын организмнің бейімделуі мен зақымдануының өзара байланысты үрдістерінің жиынтығы.
The main (leading) factor of pathogenesis – is the factor which causes the development of other pathogenetic factors
Ведущее звено патогенеза – то звено, которое приводит к развертыванию остальных звеньев патогенеза и дает специфические проявления болезни.
Патогенездегі негізгі тізбек – патогенездің келесі тізбектерінің дамуына әкелетін және аурудың арнайы көріністерін беретін тізбек.
The vicious circle of pathogenesis (circulus vitiosus) – is formation of a positive feedback between the pathogenetic factors when the chain of lesions becomes a circle and the following lesion makes worse the previous one
Порочный круг в патогенезе (circulus vitiosus) – формирование положительной обратной связи между звеньями патогенеза, когда последующее звено патогенеза усугубляет предыдущее, когда причинно-следственные отношения в патогенезе замыкаются, и следствие усугубляет действие причины.
Патогенездегі кері айналып соғу шеңбері (circulus vitiosus) – патогенездің тізбектерінің арасында соңғы тізбек алдыңғысын күшейте түсетін, патогенездегі себеп-салдарлық арақатынастың тұйықталуына әкелетін және салдар себептің әсерін күшейтетін оң кері байланыстың түзілуі.
The etiotropic principle of prophilaxis and therapy means measures directed to elimination of the cause of the disease and improving organism’s resistance
Этиотропный принцип профилактики и терапии болезней – мероприятия, направленные на устранение причины болезни и повышающие резистентность организма
Аурулардың алдын алу мен емдеудің этиотропты ұстанымы – аурудың себебін аластатуға және организмнің төзімділігін арттыруға бағытталған шаралар
Pathogenetic therapy are the measures directed to elimination of the main and other pathogenetic factors
Патогенетическая терапия – мероприятия, направленные на устранение ведущего и других звеньев патогенеза.
Патогенездік ем – патогенездің негізгі және басқа да тізбектерін жоюға бағытталған шаралар.
THE LIST OF LITERATURE:
The basic
Litvitsky P.F., Pirozhkov S.V., Tezikov E.B. Concise lectures and tests on pathophysiology E-tekstbook. – ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2007
Lectures, handouts.
Pathologic basis of disease. Environmental and nutritional pathology. V. Kumar, A.K. Abbas, S.N. Fausto, 8th edition, 2010, P.415-446
Basic Pathology. Vinay Kumar, Ramsi S. Cotran, Stanley L. Robbins. 9th edition, 2013.- P 221-243.
Additional
Textbook of medical physiology. High altitude and space physiology. A.C. Guyton, J.E. Hall., 9th edition, 1996.-P 549-562.
Textbook of pathology. Harsh Mohan 4rd edition, Delhi, 2004, P 3-13.
Control –test

he
causes
he
main (leading) pathogenetic factor
ypoxemia
radypnea
A
ortic
and carotid sinus chemoreceptor irritation