Вживання:
1. Для позначення дій, які (не) завершилися на поточний момент:
Have you finished your job? - Yes, I have/ No, I haven’t. 2. Для позначення дій, які відбувалися в минулому, але актуальні зараз:
-Have you passed your driving test? 3. Для опису дій, які почалися в минулому і досі тривають:
I’ve always liked him. I have known him for years / since my youth / since 1990. He has written about a hundred novels. 4. Для позначення дій, що мали місце у період часу, який ще не минув. (з виразами на кшталт “this morning” / “afternoon” / “week” – сьогодні ранком / вдень / на цьому тижні:
Has the postman come this morning?
1. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative. Put questions to the words іn bold
1. They have learned the new rule. 2. He has just finished his work. 3. The boy has already woken up. 4. I have been to many foreign countries. 5. We have already seen this new film. 6. His friend has translated two English books into Russian. 7. They have sent us several telegrams lately. 8. I have just spoken to him. 9. My relatives have received the parcel. 10. You have paid for the stamps.
2. Use the affirmative form of the Present Perfect instead of the negative form of the Present Continuous.
Model: I am not reading the book. – I have read the book.
1. The teacher is not explaining the rule. 2. Mother is not cooking dinner. 3.I am not doing my homework. 4. The boy is not washing his hands. 5. We are not having breakfast. 6. Tom is not painting the fence. 7. I am not cleaning my teeth. 8. The girl is not learning the poem. 9. I am not mending my socks. 10. The children are not drinking milk.
3.Translate into English paying attention to the verb forms.
1. Сыну моей сестры только четыре года, но он уже научился читать. 2. Я никогда об этом не слышал. 3. Вы уже переехали на новую квартиру? 4.Петров ещё не говорил мне об этом. 5. Вы сделали много ошибок в диктанте. 6. Вы когда-нибудь видели этого писателя? 7. В этом месяце я прочитал три книги. 8. Мой приятель уехал в Киев месяц назад и ещё не писал мне. 9. Я не видел своего брата за последнее время. 10. Вы читали сегодня в газете статью о нашем заводе?
III. Робота з текстом за фахом.
DISABILITY
D
isability is
the consequence of an impairment that may be physical, cognitive,
mental, sensory, emotional, developmental, or some combination of
these. A disability may be present from birth, or occur during a
person's lifetime.
Disabilities is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations. Thus, disability is a complex phenomenon, reflecting an interaction between features of a person’s body and features of the society in which he or she lives.
An individual may also qualify as disabled if they have had an impairment in the past or is seen as disabled based on a personal or group standard or norm. Such impairments may include physical, sensory, and cognitive or developmental disabilities. Mental disorders (also known as psychiatric or psychosocial disability) and various types of disease may also qualify as disabilities.
Some advocates object to describing certain conditions (notably deafness and autism) as "disabilities", arguing that it is more appropriate to consider them developmental differences that have been unfairly stigmatized by society. However, other advocates argue that disability is a result of exclusion from mainstream society and not any inherent impairment.
IV. Виконання пілятекстових вправ.
1.Дайте відповіді на запитання:
1. What is disability?
2. When can one become disabled?
3. What is the difference of an impairment from an activity limitation?
4. Mental disorders are qualified as disabilities, aren’t they?
5. What is the subject of advocates’ arguments?
2.Доберіть англійські відповідники до поданих слів, затранскрибуйте та запишіть у словник:
Disability, impairment, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional, developmental, activity limitation, participation restriction, interaction, mental disorder, deafness, autism, stigmatized, inherent.
3.Складіть анотацію до тексту (дивіться План анотації).
План анотації
Назва статті (матеріалу): The title of the article (material) is…
The head-line of the article (material) is…
Автор статті (матеріалу): The author of the given article is…
The material is written by…
Джерело інформації (місце, дата видання):
The article was published in “The Times”, 7th June, 2005.
The source of the material is…
Короткий зміст статті: The plot of the article:…
The article is about…
The material is devoted to…
The article deals with…
The author in the article raises a very serious (important, urgent) problem, concerning…
Структура статті (кількість абзаців, послідовність викладу матеріалу):
At first (firstly) the author gives information about…
Then the narrator writes about…
Finally he/she concludes that…
Цільова аудиторія: The article is written (prepared) mostly for…
It is going to be interesting for…
Список літератури:
1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ / Т.В. Барановська. – К.: ВП Логос-М, 2008. – 384 с.
2. Верба Л.Г. Граматика сучасної англійської мови/ Л.Г. Верба, Г.В. Верба. – К :ТОВ Логос-М, 2007. – 352 с.
3.Гужва Т.М. Reasons to Speak. Сучасні розмовні теми / Тетяна Гужва. – Х.: Торсінг Плюс, 2006. – 320 с.