3. Translate English words and phrases in column a using Russian words and phrases from column b:

A	B
equipment item license order quantity loading warehouse cash flow	поток денежных средств количество оборудование склад погрузка продукт лицензия заказ

4. Observe the words and phrases from the text “Warehousing Today”:

back up area	резервный фонд
to bypass	Обходить
collation	сличение, сопоставление
crane	подъемный кран
cross-docking	сквозная система складирования
customer dissatisfaction	неудовлетворенность потребителей
damaged delivery	нарушенная доставка
direct owner delivery	прямая доставка до заказчика
dispatch	отправка, отсылка
forklift	вилочный автопогрузчик
handling	обработка грузов (погрузочно-разгрузочные работы, сортировка, упаковка, маркировка и пр.)
loading dock	погрузочная платформа
marshalling area	место сосредоточения
master file maintenance	основной файл поставок
order-picking area	отдел комплектации по заказу
overstocking	создание запаса сверх нормы
pallet	европоддон
pallet rack	стеллаж из поддонов
picking	захват, разгрузка, выборка
receipt	чек, заявка, расписка
silo	бункер для хранения
shipping route	маршрут морской перевозки
understocking	недостаточный запас товаров

5. Read and translate the text: Warehousing Today

Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs, etc. Some businesses have central warehouses that feed smaller local warehouses. These are often placed strategically throughout the country to take advantage of shipping routes from major cities.

Warehouses are usually large plain buildings in industrial areas of cities and towns and villages. They usually have loading docks to load and unload goods from trucks. They often have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed on ISO standard pallets loaded into pallet racks. Stored goods can include any raw materials, packing materials, spare parts, components, or finished goods associated with agriculture, manufacturing, or commerce.

Different warehouses are constructed for specific goods. While selecting the types of warehouse, one has to take into consideration the factors like the nature of goods, the quality and the climatic condition. From the point of view of structure, the following types of warehouses are found: classical warehouse is a single storey building divided into various big or small rooms to store of general nature, silo is a vertical structure room equipped with mechanical devices, bins are small cylindrical cabins of different sizes meant to store varieties of products, elevator is a big vertical premise and are of craned types, portable warehouse is a type of temporary warehouse which can be removed or set in a short time.

A warehouse is typically divided into areas to support every day processes. First of all, there is the receiving area. That’s where all incoming goods arrive and documentation is checked and recorded. Goods are often unpacked and repacked here to make their format more suitable for warehouse handling. The back-up storage area holds most of warehouse inventory. In the order picking area the goods are selected in the right quantities that mean the quantities required by the customer. Here we also break the bulk. That means, for example, after receiving goods in large quantities (e.g. pallets), we need to pack them in smaller separate units for the customer. The sortation area deals with smaller order sizes. After picking, the goods are consolidated and made ready for dispatch. Some warehouses also provide some additional value beyond receiving, storing and shipping such as labeling, re-labeling product, applying price stickers, a special kitting process. This part of warehouse operations is called collation and value-added service. The final stage in warehouse operations is the marshalling and dispatch area. The goods are brought together to form vehicle goods and are then loaded onto vehicles for onward dispatch.

There are several modern trends in managing storage of goods.

The JIT system promotes product delivery directly from suppliers to consumer without the use of warehouses. Recent retailing trends have led to the development of warehouse-style retail stores when the same building serves as both warehouse and retail store. Another trend relates to Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI). This gives the vendor the control to maintain the level of stock in the store. In some cases, companies even bypass warehousing altogether by using cross docking. Cross docking is a method of moving products from the point of origin or manufacture directly to the consumer. Efficient picking and packaging rely heavily on the logistics management of the warehouse. The slotting profile, or arrangement of stored goods, can have a great impact on how safely and how quickly workers can pick orders and pack them.

Warehousing is simple; it is about getting your products to your customers on time. Unfortunately, simple does not always mean easy. In fact, warehousing is arguably the demanding part of any product based business. An underperforming warehousing operation can cost a great deal of time and money. Inefficiencies and mistakes can lead to overstocking or understocking, late or damaged deliveries, customer credits and cash flow difficulties. And they will always lead to customer dissatisfaction.