Самостійна робота №8

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Transport in Europe

The cheapest way to travel around Europe - free (hitchhiking). However, it requires a lot of experience or time off. Civilized way to travel around Europe in several key ways:

Plane

The most expensive, but it is the fastest type of request about free transport. From the window of almost nothing visible stopover does not, so there is nothing interesting in the way you see, and in general, it is not for the students. If you do fly, see how you can reduce the cost of travel on airlines. For example youth discounts.

Train

Ride the trains and buses are two ways to buy a ticket for each trip or purchase travel on a certain area (country or several countries). Decide how often you are going to move, and figure out what is more profitable.

The trains are TGV, long-distance and local trains.

Once you have arrived at the station, look for a brochure about the discounts. Usually discount a great many, but on his own initiative will not offer you them. We must ask the ticket of a particular tariff reduction in price. Reduced-price tariffs typically have discounts from 25% to 75%.

TGV - the most expensive, fastest (average speed of 200 km / h), the most comfortable trains. They have a flexible system of discounts. If you did not catch a supervisor on the first pass through the train, the second is fine.

Long distance trains generally have a fixed price. But the prices are not very high. Most of all in many European countries there are the so-called ticket weekend. For some low price two persons can travel any one day of the weekend from midnight until two in the morning the next day. Trains are usually soft, comfortable, and you can sleep well.

Information rail system is great fro passengers, you do not know language, go to a European country without any problems. You buy a ticket, say or point the finger at the map where you want to go, write on a piece of paper the desired departure time, and you are given a full schedule of direct. Important: trains run on schedule!

 Bus

Buses for long distances makes sense to go between the two countries in "INTERCITY" or “ EUROBUS”. This is one of the cheapest, but the most uncomfortable transports. Buses leave late at night and arrive early in the morning, the cabin has a toilet, you can ask for tea / coffee, but seats are close to each other and if you cross the border of Schengen, in the night to check passports.

Самостійна робота №9

Завдання: прочитайте уривок статті, складіть тезісний план до тексту, дайте відповідь на запитання «What should be done not to get lost?»

How To Get Lost Less Often

Victoria Johnson | May 15th, 2012

No one's supposed to get lost these days. Smartphones have maps on them—and compasses, too. But phones have a way of losing their signals when you most need them, and then there are the times you simply can't figure out which street on a crowded map that flipping little blue dot is indicating.

Or let's say, you just have a really, really lousy sense of direction, and no phone or GPS system made yet can help you. That's fine! Lots of people don’t have a great one. But if it makes you tense to be lost or late and you'd like to get better, well, there are ways to actually improve your sense of direction. I know—I’ve done it myself. let's look at situations where people frequently find themselves lost.

The basis of a good sense of direction is having a sense of where you are. Look around you and pay attention to the landmarks where you live. Collect them, and note where they are in relation to one another. Once you have collected enough, it becomes a great way to navigate around town. Remembering to "turn left when you get to the place with all the lawn flamingos" will connect in your brain the way "go .3 miles then head north" never will. I like to picture that I’m engaging with a 1:1 scale map and visualize my surroundings from above—that megachurch a block west gets a little sans-serif t, the park up ahead a big block of pale green. So when I'm moving around I have a sense of where I am in relation to where I came from and where I need to be.

When you’re going somewhere new, spend some time with Google Street View and practice your routes. Visually familiarize yourself with, say, the path from the train station to your friend’s house, or your hotel to that cute breakfast place. Then, if you’re going to stay in that new place a while, start collecting landmarks there.

I once moved overseas for a short-term work situation, and my first landmark there was a cracked wall that a car had driven into. That wall marked the exact spot that I needed to pull the Stop Requested cord on the bus. By the time the wall was patched up, it was instinct.

In everyday life, though, I carry a notebook and a writing utensil all the time (this one!). Why not? It takes up almost no space. The paper is more important than the pen here: I’ve taken notes in highlighter, lipstick. Believe me, you are almost certainly going to smear that address off your hand, so best to write it down somewhere safe (and unsweaty). And do this before you leave the house: you might not have a signal or your phone might die or you might straight up forget where you’re going.

If you’re really serious about wanting to improve your sense of direction and don’t mind dedicating some effort into it, practice makes perfect. Try orienteering! It is, essentially, competitive map reading. Straight from the Orienteering website: "In orienteering, you use a map and a compass to locate a series of checkpoints shown on a specialized topo map, choosing routes—on or off trail—that will help you find all the points and get to the finish in the shortest amount of time." And you know, it’s not even work. I did it once and can recommend it as a possible fun afternoon date, or with friends. And your improved map reading all but guarantees you the navigator front seat on road trips.

But then there are the situations where even a good sense of direction may not be enough or where technology may fail you. The advice here may totally seem like common sense.