Land surveyor
I. Learn the following words and word combinations:
elevation – височина, висота
homesite - ділянка
flood insurance – страхування (майна) у випадку повені
title - право на володіння землею (право повної власності)
real estate – нерухоме майно, нерухомість
to certify – підтверджувати
to relate to - співвідноситись
volume – масштаб
dredging – 1) підводне виймання ґрунту; 2) днозаглиблювальні роботи
photogrammetry - фотограмметрія, дисципліна, що використовує
фотознімки для топозйомки і складання карт
cellular network – сотовий зв'язок
overview – огляд
relevant records – відповідні документи
deed - акт, документ (підписаний і завірений печаткою) (напр. про купівлю
житла)
easements - підсобні приміщення, прибудови
data – інформація
peg - 1) кілок; 2) штифт; дерев’яний дюбель; нагель
rod - пруток; стержень; брус
reference mark – орієнтир, контрольна відмітка
disturbance – пошкодження, руйнування
land boundary - межа
reinstatement – відновлення
survey measurements – маркшейдерські вимірювання
bearing – азимут
data collector - пристрій для збору даних
GPS (кор. від Global Positioning System) - глобальна система навігації та
визначення розташування
occupation – володіння
to assess – визначити
datum - умовний нуль відліку висот
tape - рулетка, мірна стрічка
to lodge with - наділяти (правом, владою)
office - відомство, установа, міністерство, управління
II. Give English equivalents:
Важлива частина, операції з нерухомістю, будівельні компанії, земельні ділянки, наносити на карту схили, ділянки та дно річок, надземне фотографування, сотовий зв'язок, кадастровий огляд, земельні кордони, геодезичний знак, громадські та приватні документи, важлива інформація, позначати межі, стальний пруток, міцна та довговічна позначка, електронний запис інформації, обладнання ГСН, дійсні координати, попередня зйомка, існуючі документи, зовнішні і внутрішні межі, топографічна схема, остаточний звіт
III. Read and translate the text: Land surveyor
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A surveyor is more than one of those guys you see out in the road. Surveying is a vital part of the design and construction process. We perform boundary surveys to tell people where their property is, map the topography of land for engineering design, establish elevations of |
homesites for flood insurance,perform title surveys for real estate transactions, certify that structures are built according to design, lay out buildings, subdivisions and other construction projects so the construction companies can relate the engineering plans to the real world, and build control networks that all land parcels can relate to in a given area. We also map slopes and areas for pay volumes or quantities, map river bottoms for dredging, lay out photo control for aerial photography and photogrammetry, write legal descriptions that are used to describe pieces of property, map and layout corridors for tunnels, roads, airports, pipelines, cellular networks and railroads, and split up properties into new lots, such as subdivisions. Below, I'll give you a brief overview of what the guys you see in the road are really doing.
The aim of cadastral surveys is normally to re-establish and mark the corners of original land boundaries. The first stage is to research relevant records such as land titles (deeds), easements, survey monument (marks on the ground) and any public or private records that provide relevant data.
Monuments are marks on the ground that define location. Pegs are commonly used to mark boundary corners, and nails in bitumen, small pegs in the ground and steel rods are used as instrument locations and reference marks, commonly called survey control. Marks should be durable and long lasting, stable so the marks do not move over time, safe from disturbance and safe to work at. The aim is to provide sufficient marks so some marks will remain for future re-establishment of boundaries. The boundary pegs will most likely be replaced by fences of varying durability which then become evidence of land boundary location which can be used for future reinstatement of boundary location.
The surveyor then examines the site and gathers survey measurements and observations. A total station is used to measure bearings and distances and provide measurements from survey control points. A data collector is used to electronically record data which is downloaded to a computer later. GPS equipment can be used to provide absolute coordinates of positions using Global Positioning Satellites. Detail of occupation and boundary fencing is recorded to provide evidence upon which boundary locations can be assessed. The total station or GPS is set-up over survey marks which were placed as part of a previous survey, or newly placed marks. The bearing datum is established by measuring between points on a previous survey and a rotation is applied to orientate the new survey to correspond with the previous survey.
The data is analyzed and comparisons made with existing records to determine evidence which can be used to establish boundary positions. The bearing and distance of lines between the boundary corners and total station positions are calculated and used to set out and mark the corners in the field. Checks are made by measuring directly between pegs places using a cloth tape. Subdivision of land generally requires that the external boundary is re-established and marked using pegs, and the new internal boundaries are then marked.
A plat (survey plan) and description (depending on local and state requirements) are compiled, the final report is lodged with the appropriate government office (often required by law), and copies are provided to the client.
ІV. Answer the following questions:
1. What is surveying?
2. Why do surveyors carry out boundary surveys?
3. Whom is the information from surveys necessary for?
4. What is the aim of cadastral surveys?
5. What should a surveyor do while doing a cadastral survey at first?
6. What is monument?
7. Where and why are monuments and pegs used?
8. How are often reference marks called?
9. What should marks be?
10. What is the evidence of land boundary location?
11. What is total station?
12. What is data collector?
13. What is GPS?
14. Where is a total station and GPS set-up?
15. How is the bearing datum established?
16. What is calculated and used to set out and mark the corners in the field?
17. What is necessary for a subdivision of land?
18. Whom are copies of final report provided for?
V. Match the word (word combination) with the corresponding definition:
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