V. Give the annotation to the text using the following phrases:

The headline of the text I have read is …

The text is about …

According to the text …

The purpose of the text is to give some information about …

I think …

From my point of view …

This information is new (not new) for me.

I think I could use this information (in my practical work, in my studies, in my professional training).

I found the text useful (interesting, important, dull, too hard to understanding).

Communicative situation

Using the information from the text and additional sources

1) Make up a dialogue and role play “Choosing a modern compasses”

2) Imagine the situation where modern compasses help

a) to save one’s life;

b) to find the right direction etc.

Discuss them.

Unit xv

Theodolite

I. Learn the following words and word combinations:

measuring – вимірювання

tool - прилад

angle – кут

triangulation – тріангуляція

rocket – ракета

launch – випуск

telescope - телескоп; оптична (зорова) труба

movably – рухливо

axe = axis – ось

trunnion - горизонтальний

scale – шкала

featured – бути схожим

backsighting – зворотне візирування

transit - теодоліт, нівелір

precision – точність

feature – деталь

magnification - збільшення

to wane – зменшувати

construction – будівництво

builder’s level – рівень (прилад); глухий нівелір

inclinometer – креномір, уклономір

spirit – спиртовий

line of sight - лінія візирування

II. Find English equivalents of these words combinations in the text:

Вертикальний кут, горизонтальний кут, тріангуляційна мережа, основний інструмент, землемірні роботи, технологія по випуску ракет, рухливо встановлений, бажаний об’єкт, широко поширений прилад, шкала збільшення, будівельний майданчик, спиртовий рівень, тріангуляція на місцевості, горизонтальна плоскість

III. Read and translate the text:

Theodolite

A theodolite is an instrument for measuring both horizontal and vertical angles, as used in triangulation networks. It is a key tool in surveying and engineering work, but theodolites have been adapted for other specialized purposes in fields like meteorology and rocket launch technology. A modern theodolite consists of a telescope mounted movably within two perpendicular axes, the horizontal or trunnion axis, and the vertical axis.

When the telescope is pointed at a desired object, the angle of each of these axes can be measured with great precision, typically on the scale of arcseconds or just seconds. The transit refers to a specialized type of theodolite that was developed in the early 19^th century. It featured a telescope that could “flop over” (“transit the scope”) to allow easy back-sighting and doubling of angles for error reduction. Some transit instruments were capable of reading angles directly to thirty arc-seconds. In the middle of the 20^th century, transits came to be known as a simple form of theodolite with less precision, lacking features such as scale magnification and mechanical meters. The importance of transits is waning since compact, accurate electronic theodolites have become widespread tools, but transits still find use as a lightweight tool for construction sites. Some transits do not measure vertical angles. The builder’s level is often mistaken for a transit, but is actually a type of inclinometer. It measures neither horizontal nor vertical angles. It simply combines a spirit level and telescope to allow the user to visually establish a line of sight along a level plane.