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The universities which were founded between 1850 and 1930 including London University are known as Redbrick universities. They are called so because that was the favourable building material of that time. They are located in large industrial cities. The Redbrick universities were built to provide liberal education for poorer young people and to give them technological training.

The universities which were founded after the Second World War are called the “new universities”. Some of them quickly became popular because of their modern approach to university courses. There is no tutorial system there.

The academic year in England is divided into three terms. Terminal examinations are held at the end of each term. Final examinations are taken at the end of the course studies. If a student fails in an examination he may be allowed to take the exam again. Only two re-examinations are usually allowed. For a break of discipline a student can be fined or even expelled for a more serious offence from the university.

All British universities are private independent institutions. Although they all receive financial support from the state they are responsible only to its own governing council. The Department of Education and Science has no control over their regulations, curriculum, examinations, appointment of staff and how many students enroll.

The Open University

Слова и словосочетания к тексту:

set up	­—	основывать
differ v	—	различаться
by means of	—	посредством
broadcasting	—	телевизионная трансляция
in order to	—	для того, чтобы
as	—	так как; в качестве

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The Open University was set up in 1969 for those people who missed the chance of going to an ordinary university. The Open University differs from other universities as its students work in full time jobs and can study only in their free time by means of distant teaching¹ materials, through correspondence and broadcasting. Students need to study about ten hours a week so they have to do a lot of watching and listening to their weekly lectures on television and radio.

Students may be of any ages and from all walks of life². Some of students want to improve their qualification; others come to the university to get profession, skills and knowledge. People come to the Open University in order to do something they have always wanted to, but didn’t have time or a good chance to realize it before.

Returning to “School” may be difficult for most students as they have forgotten or never knew how to study and to prepare for exams. As an Open University student you get to university life at the summer schools which you must attend during the first year.

Notes

distant teaching – дистанционное обучение

walks of life – слои общества