Unit 3. Fears and Phobias.

VIII. Text “Phobias”.

50% of people suffer from phobias ; 20% could touch a snake but not without feeling scared. Fear of snakes is one of the most common phobias of all. Surprisingly enough, there is not a great range of things we are frightened of.

Most we have to do with open spaces, confined spaces, insects such as spiders, situations when there aren’t a lot of people, too few people, etc. Many of us are affected by these fears.

Reactions vary from the minor feeling of discomfort which is easy to cope with to an absolutely creeping fear that can destroy s person’s life.

Typical reactions when people begin afraid are:

- break out into a cold sweat;

- have shivers down their spine;

- begin to breathe quickly;

- the heart beat increases.

Can these people be helped?

- Yes, by graded exposure. Many fears are born of ignorance. People couldn’t bear to touch a snake which is skinny, slimy which isn’t true.

So, to a certain extent knowledge can help to break down a phobia then gradually; we let a person become more familiar with the object of his or her fear and try to accustom them to the reality behind the phobia.

You needn’t let your phobia ruin your life.

Keys

Unit 1. Ex. VI, p.7-8. 

1. If you see a black cat , you’ll have a good luck.

2. If you spill some wine, throw some salt over your shoulder to keep bad luck away.

3. If the sky is red this evening, the weather will be fine.

4. If your first visitor in the New Year has dark hair you’ll have good luck all year.

5. If your left hand itches, you’ll get some money soon.

6. If you break a mirror, you’ll have seven years’ bad luck.

Ex.VII, p.8.

1. has fetish/ makes fetish; 2) to tell my fortune;

3)augurs; 4) necromancy; 5) exorcism; 6) oracles, foretold; 7) divination; 8) Blarney Stone; 9) palmistry; 10) amulet; 11) evil eye; 12) Friday;

13) voodoo; 14) the ghost; 15) omen; 16) magic; 17) a birthstone; 18) mental illnesses; 19) a vampire;

20) occultism; 21) witchcraft; 22) moonlight;

Ex. IX, b), p.10.

1. in luck ; 2) sheer luck ; 3) As luck would have it ; 4) a stroke /a piece of luck ; 5) to try her luck ; 6) good luck ; 7) luck has run out; 8) down on one’s luck; 9) Just my luck! 10) a run of bad luck, to make the matters worse; 11) to push one’s luck; 12) trust to luck; his luck ran out; 13) worse luck! 14) to ride one’s luck; 15) in luck; 16) a stroke of luck; 17) to try my luck; 18) to trust to luck, to be out of luck;19) as luck would have it! 20) to push their luck;

Ex. XII. c), p.20.

1. charm ; 2) thought-transeference ; 3) thoughtwave ; 4)oracular; 5) astral; 6) coincidence; 7) feigned; 8)bewitch; 9) spell; 10) subliminal; 11) providence; 12)marvel;

Ex.XIV. a), p. 22.

1. ageism; 2) available; 3) predetermined; 4) distort;

5)encourage; 6) to eliminate; 7) to conflict with;

8)preconceived; 9) tolerance; 10) background; 11) to

sustain; 12) to suppress; 13) to pride oneself on smth;

14)to consider on one’s merits;

Ex. XIV. b), p.22.

1. to pride oneself on; 2) conflict with; 3) tolerance;

4)predetermined; 5) encouragement; 6) background;

7) to suppress; 8) to sustain; 9) preconceived;

10) distorted; 11) available; 12) consider on one’s merits;

Unit 2. Ex. I, p. 30.

Some possible answers :

1) That smells wonderful. 2) Your hair looks great. 3) It sounds brilliant. 4) This tastes delicious. 5) I feel great. 6) That sounds fantastic. 7) You look upset. What’s the matter? 8) He smells disgusting.

Ex. II, p. 30.

1. witness; 2) peer; 3) observe; 4) glance; 5) stare;

Ex. III, p. 30.

1) witnessed; 2) gazed/ stared; 3) grasped; 4) press; 5)stroked; 6) observed; 7) grabbed/ snatched; 8) glanced;

Ex. IV, p. 31.

1. bitter; 2) sweet; 3) hot; 4) sour; 5) spicy; 6) saltry;

Ex. V, p. 31.

1. snatch/ grab; 2) finger; 3) handle; 4) paw;

Ex. VI, p. 31.

Possible answers:

1) aromatic; 2) smelly; 3) evil-smelling; 4) fragrant; 5)sweet-smelling; 6) scented;

Ex. VII, p. 31.

1) UFOs; 2) telepathy; 3) ghosts; 4) intuition; 5) déjà-vu; 6) premoniton ;

Ex. X. b), p.34.

Peter Elstob was approached by an American outside a sports shop. The American wanted some advice about sending a tennis racket to the daughter of the people he had been staying with. Then the American told Elstob about trying to deliver a letter to a person whose address he couldn’t find. The person was Elstob.

2. 1) the south of France; 2) friend; 3) hotels; 4) favourite hotel; 5) old schoolfriend; 6) the same hotel; 7) wife; 8)“Jules” Lewis; 9) love; 10) living together happily;

3. Mrs. May Badman often took the train to town and always sat in the first carriage. One morning when the train came in she began running towards the back of the train and got into a carriage more than half-way back. When the train arrived at St. Pancras, it crashed into the buffers. The people in Mrs. Badman’s carriage were only thrown about, but the people in the front of the train were badly hurt.

Ex. X. c), p. 35.

a1 ; b6 ; c4 ; d2 ; 

Ex. XIV. 2. a), p. 44.

6 – An altered state – a feeling of peace .

4 – The “out of the body experience”.

1 – Entering the darkness which leads to light.

2 – Arrival at “heaven”.

5 – The return.

3 – A change of personality.

Ex. XIV. 2 c), p. 44-45.

6,2, 5, 4, 1, 3,

Unit 3. Ex. IV, p. 52.

1) necrophobia ; 2) phobia ; 3) airphobia ; 4) maniaphobia ; 5) hydrophobia ; 6) phobophobia ; 7) kleptophobia ; 8) arachnophobia ; 9) claustrophobia ;

10) nosophobia ;

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