Adverbial modifier of time (after, before, on / upon, at, in)

Exercise 25 Mind the use of gerunds in the syntactic function of the adverbial modifier of time. Translate the sentences into Russian:

The idea of priority is emphasized

1. After finishing school he went to university. 2. After looking through the magazines he took them back to the library. 3. After spending а month in the South he put on some weight. 4. After sticking а stamp on the envelope he went to mail the letter. 5. The conference closed after hearing and discussing about 80 reports. 6. I must drop in at the library after finishing my article. 7. After training for а long time he decided to take part in the coming competition.

The idea of succession is emphasized

(One action closely follows the other)

1. On hearing the stranger’s name, she looked at him closely. 2. On learning that her sister couldn’t come to see her, Ann got upset. 3. On arriving in the city the travellers immediately went to the hotel. 4. On coming home he immediately rang her up. 5. On being told the news the girl began to jump with joy. 6. On (upon) seeing me on the other side of the street he shouted to me. 7. On arriving at the airport we immediately went to the left-luggage office. 8. On getting the telegram he immediately went to the station. 9. At looking at the watch he realized he was late. 10. At seeing the pictures everybody burst out laughing. 11. At hearing her voice he turned round. 12. On seeing his father the boy ran up to him. 13. On reaching the village he slowed down. 14. On arriving at the station he immediately bought а ticket.

The idea of simultaneity is emphasized

1. In copying the text he left out (missed) а line. 2. In looking through the latest issues of the Moscow News he came across а very interesting article. 3. In leaving the room he forgot to lock the door. 4. In pouring out the tea she spilt some on the tablecloth. 5. He had а bad fall in climbing the mountain. 6. In explaining the rule the teacher tried to make it simpler. 7. In looking through my books I found your letter. 8. In gliding down the hill she broke the skis.

Exercise 26 Translate the following sentences into English:

1. После долгих дискуссий, они решили принять участие в проекте. 2. Прежде чем спорить, подумайте о своих доводах. 3. Увидев полицейского, он поспешил прочь. 4. Услышав шум приближающегося поезда, мы направились на платформу. 5. Перебирая его рисунки, я натолкнулся на несколько по-настоящему замечательных. 6. Она всегда поливает цветы, прежде чем уйти из дома. 7. Читая эту книгу, я узнал несколько интересных фактов. 8. После того, как германские племена осели в Британии, они основали несколько государств. 9. При виде брата в этой неприятной компании, она испугалась. 10. В процессе написания этой статьи журналисту пришлось изучить много документов.

Adverbial modifier of manner and attendant circumstances (by, in, without, besides, instead of)

Exercise 27 Mind the use of gerunds in the syntactic function of the adverbial modifier of manner or attendant circumstances:

1. We reached the river by crossing the field. 2. The sportsman achieved good results by training hard all the year round. 3. You can find out what the matter is by ringing him up. 4. He improved his pronunciation by reading aloud every day. 5. You hurt his feelings by refusing to accept his invitation. 6. He improved his story by changing the end. 7. He upset all our plans by refusing to come. 8. They left that gloomy place without feeling sorry. 9. He said it without smiling. 10. She opened the door without knocking. 11. He came without being invited. 12. He answered the question without rising from his seat. 13. Besides being clever, he is very industrious. 14. Instead of writing the letter himself, he asked his friend to do it. 15. Besides taking part in amateur performances, he goes in for sport.

Exercise 28 Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Мы провели вечер, разговаривая о всяких пустяках. 2. Не уходи, не попрощавшись со всеми. 3. Вы можете обидеть ее, отказавшись от ее помощи. 4. Он не может и дня прожить, не тренируясь. 5. Британия расширялась, захватывая все новые и новые колонии. 6. Он выслушал нас, не говоря ни слова. 7. Набрав этот номер, вы сможете проголосовать за одного из артистов. 8. Вместо того чтобы тратить попусту время, вы бы лучше сделали что-нибудь полезное. 9. Кроме того, что он был прекрасным художником, он писал книги о живописи. 10. Вы все испортите, рассказав ей о нашей идее раньше времени. 11. Вместо того, чтобы смеяться над ним, ты бы лучше послушала, что он скажет.