Тне gerund & тне infinitive

Exercise 56 Compare the use of gerunds and infinitives in the following sentences. Translate them into Russian:

1. She prefers travelling by train. 2. I prefer having а tray right here. 3. Many people living in cities would prefer to live in the country. 4. Just how do you propose paying for all this? 5. How do you propose to explain your long absence? 6. Kate intended returning home on Friday but she couldn’t get а flight. 7. I didn’t intend her to see the painting until it was finished. 8. I didn’t tell her because I was afraid of upsetting her. 9. Don’t be afraid to ask for help. 10. Try taking deep, slow breaths. 11. She had been trying to train as а nurse. 12. I remember my father bringing home а huge Christmas tree. 13. I distinctly remember telling you to be home by 10 o’clock. 14. Remember to keep stirring the sauce. 15. Did you remember to post the letter? 16. Aren’t you forgetting to say ‘thank you’? 17. He used to play the piano every evening. 18. We were all so used to seeing her there in the morning. 19. No one needs to be reminded of that. 20. Of course, this play needs improving.

Exercise 57 Comment on the use of gerunds and infinitives in the following sentences:

1. I was beginning to wonder if the furnishings were compatible in а way that Paul and I could never be. (J. Turner)

Then when I was fifteen I started doing yard work in the rich part of the town. (M. Clark)

2. “She used to paint all the time,” said her lawyer. (L. Scottoline)

We were all so used to seeing her. (L. Scottoline)

3. Pat had tried to dismiss the event as one of the many crank calls received at television station. (M. Clark)

You know, if you’re going to make a joke, you could try coming up with something original. (N. Sparks)

4. I remember going fishing with my Dad every Sunday morning, and though my dad was just about the worst fisherman who ever baited a hook, I found it thrilling. (N. Sparks)

He should remember to check this fact, he thought. (M. Clark)

5. He was used to being alone. (N. Sparks)

Growing up, I used to think that this was the most boring place in the world... (N. Sparks, 204)

He had a look of one used to making quick judgments and not believing what he was told. (D. Francis, 26)

Exercise 58 Use a gerund or an infinitive after the verbs remember and forget:

1. Did you remember (turn off) the stove? 2. I remember (play) with dolls when I was а child. 3. What do you remember (do) before you leave for class every day? 4. What did you forget (do) before you left for class this morning? 5. The book is on the shelf. I remember (put) it there. 6. I remember (see) his letter. Oh, here it is. 7. I forget your ever (tell) me about the trip. 8. You forgot (call) your mother yesterday and she worried a lot.

Exercise 59 Write the following verbs in three columns:

1. Verbs which are followed by infinitives;

2. Verbs which are followed by gerunds;

3. Verbs which can be followed by both gerunds and infinitives.

Suggest, wish, feel like, avoid, give up, warn, allow, offer, deny, can’t help, mind, manage, advise, mean, pretend, put off, (can’t) stand, invite, finish, keep (on), expect, remind, hope, apologize, imagine, (cannot) afford, request, be fond of, dare, order, permit, command, intend.

Exercise 60 Fill in the blanks with infinitives and gerunds of the verbs in brackets giving two variants; add a preposition if necessary:

1. The bushes need _______ (trim). 2. Your dog deserves ________ (praise) for finding the way. 3. I am really sorry _______ (finish) our conversation in such a hurry but I had to rush home. 4. They rely on the price of oil (remain) high. 5. Jane intends _______ (work) as a waitress during her summer holidays. 6. I think this young man must be proud ________ (accept) to Harvard University. 7. We still have a chance _______ (be) in time for our flight. 8. He prefers _______ (pay) in cash.

Exercise 61 Paraphrase the following sentences using gerunds instead of infinitives or subordinate clauses:

1. I think somebody will have to clean the room. 2. Son, you deserve to be punished for what you have done. 3. I’m sorry to have bothered you yesterday. 4. Your boss won’t forget that he has caught you doing nothing. 5. Now she regretted that she had turned down their suggestion. 6. John’s father was pleased that his son had got the scholarship. 7. I am tired to do the same thing again and again. 8. She often complains that her room is dark and cold. 9. The policeman insisted that the witnesses should answer his questions immediately. 10. She was annoyed to meet the man again.

Exercise 62 Fill in the blanks with gerunds or infinitives of the verbs in brackets:

1. She was too excited ______ (explain) what had happened. 2. I’m really excited about ______ (go) to England. 3. Why are you afraid ______ (tell) them the truth? 4. She is afraid of ______ (get) lost and doesn’t go anywhere alone. 5. He is angry about her ________ (cheat) on him. 6. He is angry enough __________ (punish) the boy. 7. We feel him ________ (be) wrong but can’t prove it. 8. He felt like __________ (give) up everything. 9. Will you forgive her? She regrets ________ (let) you down. 10. I regret _______ (leave) you alone but I have to go. 11. Do you really need _______ (talk) about it now? 12. These facts need ___________ (check). 13. If you want to talk to them, hurry up. They are preparing ________ (leave). 14. How much are you prepared _______ (pay)? 15. Prepare yourself for _______ (get) very unpleasant news. 16. The cottage looks shabby. It surely needs ________ (paint). 17. John doesn’t want __________ (paint) the walls himself. 18. Mary was in a hurry and forgot _________ (leave) food for the cat. 19. Don’t forget ________ (take) the dog out in the evening. 20. I forgot _________ (buy) the book and bought the same one again. 21. Jack couldn’t help ______ (smile) when he saw his daughter playing with the dog. 22. A good résumé will help you in _______ (find) a good job. 23. Will you help me ________ (write) an application? 24. He is considered ________ (have) a gift for music. 25. We are considering ________ (move) to some other place to live. 26. But I’m not sure we can afford _________ (buy) a house. 27. Did you agree to ________ (take) part in the performance? 28. Do you agree to their _______ (go) on this trip together? 29. We have already agreed to ________ (meet) on Saturday. 30. I think he will refuse _______ (change) his story. 31. When they were kids they used to _________ (skate) on the pond. 32. She is used to ________ (take) for somebody else. 33. The guide advised us against ________ (go) to the peak on our own. He said it was too dangerous. 34. Police advised people not _______ (go) to the rally. 35. I advise your _______ (book) rooms in advance if you want to stay at a hotel. 36. He persuaded me ______ (apologize). 37. He persuaded me into _________ (reveal) the facts to the others. 38. They don’t allow _________ (walk) dogs here. 39. He will never allow his wife _______ (clean) in his study.

Exercise 63 Translate the following sentences into English using gerunds or infinitives where possible:

1. Не забудь выяснить время их отъезда. 2. Разве можно забыть, как солнце садится в море! 3. Когда я ложилась спать, я вдруг вспомнила, что забыла позвонить ей. 4. Она не забудет (2 variants) принять лекарство перед сном, она всегда все помнит. 5. Теперь он сожалел, что рассказал ей о своих планах. 6. Он сожалел о том, что ему придется сообщить родным эти печальные новости. 7. Извините, что причинил вам так много неудобств (2 variants). 8. Извините, что я здесь без приглашения, но мое дело очень срочное. 9. Требуется, чтобы вы заполнили это заявление. 10. Это предложение нужно обдумать, я бы предпочел не давать ответа сразу. 11. Она очень любит говорить о себе. 12. А теперь я бы хотела поговорить о ваших планах. 13. Не пренебрегайте работой в лаборатории. Прослушивание пленок вам очень поможет. 14. Вы очень небрежны. Вы даже не соизволили исправить опечатки. 15. Попытайтесь думать о чем-нибудь приятном, чтобы отвлечься от ваших проблем. 16. Попытайтесь убедить его, может быть, у вас это получится.

Exercise 64 Use a gerund or an infinitive in the following sentences:

1. The play was not very good. The audience started (leave) before it was over. 2. The children love (swim) in the sea. 3. She encouraged me (throw away) my old running shoes and (buy) а new pair. 4. The child kept (cry) while his mother was on the phone. 5. Could you please stop (whistle)? I’m trying (concentrate) on my work. 6. Pat told us (wait, not) for her. 7. Would you please remind me (call) Alice tomorrow? 8. I regret (listen, not) to my father’s advice. He was right. 9. Remind me (post) the letter on my way home. 10. There is something wrong with the TV-set, I can’t switch it on. I suggest (ask) Jim to help us. 11. Jim isn’t in. We’ll have to wait for him (come) and fix it. 12. Two girls in a back row kept (chat) while the teacher was explaining the new rule. 13. I can’t decide what (wear) at the party. 14. I quite enjoy (listen) to rock music. 15. Dan is annoying. He never stops (talk). He keeps (interrupt) everyone. 16. You can’t (stop) people from (waste) their money, if that’s what they want to do. 17. He kept on (repeat) that he was one of the few lucky people who remembered (see) Liz Mitchell on her tour in Moscow. 18. I dislike the way he keeps (interrupt) his students’ answers. 19. He is so serious. You can hardly imagine him (play) a joke on anyone. 20. If you have finished the exercises, go on (read) the text.

Exercise 65 Translate the following sentences into English using gerunds or infinitives:

1. Доктор не возражал против того, чтобы осмотреть пострадавших. 2. Интересно, когда ты, наконец, соберешься убрать на своем письменном столе. 3. Почему вы настаиваете на том, чтобы он отказался от этой мысли. 4. Вам следует признать, что вы проиграли. 5. После ссоры она избегала встречаться со своей бывшей лучшей подругой. 6. Она снова жаловалась, что ваша собака бегала в ее саду. С этим надо что-то делать. 7. Я сыта по горло ее жалобами. 8. Ты уговоришь его позаботиться о нашей собаке, пока нас не будет в городе. 9. Попытайся отговорить его от участия в этом рискованном предприятии. 10. Она и не думала (mean) обсуждать этот вопрос с вами. 11. Если вы собираетесь помочь им, это потребует (mean) тщательного изучения обстоятельств. 12. Ее обучают танцам. Сейчас она учится танцевать вальс. 13. Нас предостерегли против участия в этом деле. 14. Предупредите их не вмешиваться не в свое дело. 15. Ты уверен, что наша команда выиграет? Я думаю, им будет не просто выиграть такой трудный матч. 16. Так интересно узнавать новое о странах и людях. 17. Он очень заинтересован в том, чтобы эта статья была опубликована в сегодняшней газете. 18. Она так и не собралась (get round to) убрать в шкафах.

Exercise 66 Which of the following sentences you think are correct? Explain why you think so:

1. – He likes to sing when he is having a shower, or a bath.

– Everybody knows that he likes singing.

– His wife can’t stand his singing romances while taking a bath.

– When he begins singing she starts to cry and bang on the bathroom door.

– My Grandma enjoys his singing.

2. – They seem sure of moving to another town.

– They just can’t afford their daughter living there alone.

– So his wife suggests moving there as soon as possible.

– Yes, she insists on them to move before Christmas.

3. – I regret to tell you that there’s no vacancy. I meant to talk to you on the phone to prevent you from travelling here from the village.

– Thanks anyway. I’ll never forget your having tried to help me.

4. – I meant talking to you but I was so busy, I’m afraid I forgot.

5. – Oh, dear, I think I’ve forgotten locking the barn.

6. – Instead of talking to me he began to cry.

Exercise 67 Translate the following sentences into English using gerunds or infinitives:

1. Не забудь купить цветы: сегодня день рождения бабушки. 2. Ты помнишь, как мы ходили в Третьяковку, когда учились в Москве? 3. Я пытался достать до верхней полки, чтобы вытереть пыль, но не смог. 4. Я предлагаю отложить все дела, и вместо того, чтобы готовить обед пойти в ресторан. 5. А я все равно настаиваю на том, чтобы пригласить его. 6. Он предпочитает встречать новый год дома. 7. Изучать языки – значит ежедневно упорно работать. 8. Никогда не забуду, как ходил в Эрмитаж в первый раз. 9. После заседания мы решили сыграть в шахматы. 10. С сожалением сообщаю вам, что у нас нет вакансии. 11. Он жалел, что рассказал подруге о своей поездке в Лас-Вегас. 12. Терпеть не могу чистить и жарить рыбу, но ем с наслаждением. 13. Прекрати курить немедленно – в комнате ребенок. Я вообще надеюсь, что теперь ты бросишь курить. 14. Вы согласитесь, чтобы он присоединился к нам? Вы думаете, он согласится присоединиться к нам? 15. Я думаю, ты не можешь позволить себе отказаться от такого прекрасного предложения. 16. Она не могла позволить себе, чтобы дизайнер оформил ее квартиру. 17. К сожалению, у нее нет привычки есть вовремя. 18. Я уверена, вы получите большое удовольствие от путешествия по странам Азии. 19. В китайской кухне используется много разных специй и трав для приготовления традиционных блюд. 20. Чтобы приготовить жаркое нам потребуется мясо и овощи.

Exercise 68 Match the beginnings and the ends of the given sentences using infinitives or gerunds:

1. I look forward to 2. I am annoyed at 3. He made a decision 4. I have no wish of 5. He has no difficulty in 6. I hate the idea of 7. Is it possible for Paul 8. Peter was a fool 9. She spends ages 10. Everybody objects to 11. Children never look forward to 12. We couldn’t help 13. I’ll never get used to 14. I strongly object to you 15. Are you used to 16. Don’t put off till evening 17. Is there any need 18. Would you like

a) (leave) my native town. b) (read) English books in the original. c) (see) him again here. d) (have to) work overnight. e) (start) a new life since Monday. f) (see) my friend Mario in Rome. g) (marry) Jane. She is too light-minded. h) (work) overnight. They want a day off. i) (laugh) at our new teacher’s jokes. j) (get up) early. I’m not a morning person. k) (come) to the meeting? l) (talk) on the phone. It’s annoying! m) (go) back to school in September. n) (make) comments on every step of mine. o) (deal) with difficult teenagers? p) (do) your homework. There’s a good film on TV at 8. q) (tell) Peter about the accident? r) (spend) a weekend with us?

Exercise 69 Pay attention to the use of the gerunds and infinitives in the following sentences and define their syntactic functions. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. The sound of weeping was still audible, but it was quieter now. 2. I have been thinking quite hard about the matter you discussed with me the last time we had an opportunity to talk together. 3. If she does not marry soon, people will begin to speculate as to why not. 4. He’s already expecting it, and he’s begun taking appropriate steps. 5. It would be better to see the evidence and make his own deductions. 6. It would serve no purpose trying to explain it to her. 7. It is simply that we are better at disguising it and pretending to be uninterested, when we are actually enthralled. 8. But she could not help trying to read his face. 9. Pitt tried very hard to make his voice sound interested and yet not naïve. 10. You tried hurting her a little bit, only she defied you. 11. No one could have everything, and somehow choices needed to be made. 12. He picked up the broom and began to sweep the last area of the floor which still needed doing. 13. I should have to be polite to the self-righteous woman who thinks laughter is a sin and love is telling people what they ought to do. 14. The thing is for you to recognize the reality of what your choices are. 15. He didn’t stop ladling the soup and passing the full tin mugs to the children. 16. Socially I should cease to exist! 17. He went on to describe in minute, witty and most colourful detail their earlier visits to cafés, theatres, concerts and various salons. 18. You cannot take up an embassy post of any importance unless you have a wife capable of maintaining the position. 19. He might not be able to afford a good marriage until he’s in his late thirties, or more. 20. She was perfectly used to being helped in such manner, but the kitchen was her domain, not his. 21. I used to be a member of a club which used that name. 22. He regarded Pitt with challenge for having interrupted the domestic peace of his breakfast. 23. She looked at Pitt without seeming to see him. 24. He turned to look at Evart whose dark face was unreadable. 25. Emily would like to have argued, said something comforting, but she knew that Tallulah was right. 26. He obviously disliked talking about it at all, and that might have been some kind of guilt. 27. I’ll take care of getting another badge made. 28. An original piece had been pawned and sold against a debt one did not care to mention to one’s husband and which could not be met from a dress allowance. 29. She made a final jump and succeeded only in pushing it to the back of the shelf. 30. He considered asking to see the coat Finlay had worn yesterday evening.

From Pentecost Alley by Anne Perry

Exercise 70 Translate into English. Mind the use of gerunds and infinitives:

Оксфорд - это место где любой испытывает волнение. Никогда не надоедает бродить по его тихим улочкам. Не зная его истории, вы не раз испытаете недоумение. Студенческая форма заставит вас вспомнить о Средневековой Англии. Названия колледжей в Оксфорде, конечно, известны любому образованному человеку. Учиться в Оксфорде – мечта многих молодых людей. Это и понятно, ведь учеба в Оксфорде откроет перед ними большие возможности.

Оксфорд – хорошее место и для тех, кому интересно осматривать достопримечательности. В Оксфорде есть на что посмотреть. На самом деле, там каждое здание заслуживает быть увиденным. Живописные готические здания, кажется, хранят память о прошлом. Если вы когда-нибудь окажетесь в Оксфорде, вы уже никогда не забудете, как вы бродили по узким улицам, осматривали старинные жемчужно-серые стены и благородные башни. Вы не можете не восхищаться великолепными видами цветов и бархатом газонов.