- •Contents
- •Предисловие
- •Petroleum refining and natural gas processing
- •Basic Refinery Process: Description and History
- •III. Find words and word combinations that mean the following.
- •IV. Summarize the history of refining using the following table.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Text 2 Major Refinery Products
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Text 3 Petroleum Refining Operations
- •I. Decide if the statements are true or false.
- •I. Read the text and match the paragraphs with the headings.
- •II. Decide if the statements are true or false.
- •III. Match the words and word combinations with their Russian equivalents.
- •Description of petroleum refining processes
- •I. Read the text and complete the sentences with the words below. Text 4 Crude Oil Pretreatment (Desalting) and Distillation (Fractionation)
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Translate the following words and word combinations.
- •IV. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •I. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the sentences (a-j).
- •II. Complete the following sentences according to the text.
- •III. Match the words and word combinations with their Russian equivalents.
- •I. Read the text and answer the questions, matching the figures in column a with their answers in column b.
- •III. Find words that mean the following.
- •IV. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Text 7 Natural Gas Processing
- •I. Answer the following questions before reading the text.
- •II. You are going to read the text about pipelines. For each of the questions choose the answer (a, b, c or d) which you think best fits according to the text.
- •When and who constructed the first world’s oil pipeline?
- •The pipelines are widely used to transport hydrocarbons because...
- •Natural gas ...
- •I. Give missing headings for each pipeline section described in the text basing on the diagram below.
- •Pipeline components
- •II. Answer the questions by choosing from the pipeline sections a-e. The sections may be chosen more than once. There is an example at the beginning [0].
- •Types of pipelines
- •I. You are going to read the text about pipeline operation. Before reading it discuss and answer the following questions in groups.
- •II. Now read the text and for each of the questions 1-5 choose the answer (a, b, c or d) which you think best fits according to the text. Pipeline operation
- •III. Now describe the pipeline operation system basing on the information from the text and diagram bellow.
- •I. You are going to read the text about gas storage. Before reading it discuss the following question.
- •II. Now read the text and match the purposes a-h with their explanations in the text.
- •Reasons for gas storage construction
- •III. There exist several characteristics of underground storage facilities, which need to be defined and measured. Match each volumetric measure with the corresponding description.
- •IV. Now use three of the underground storage characteristics given in Ex. III to fill in the gaps in the following text.
- •I. You are going to read the text about types of gas storages. Before reading it discuss the following question.
- •(C) Depleted Gas Reservoir
- •(B) Aquifer Reservoir
- •III. Match the word or expression with its translation.
- •IV. Fill in the gaps in the texts below with words and expressions from Exercise III.
- •Pipeline Capacity
- •I. You are going to read the text about the future of gas storage technology. Before reading it discuss the following questions.
- •I. You are going to read the text about ecological aspects of oil and gas industry. Before reading it discuss the following questions.
- •II. Read the text and supply it with a suitable title.
- •III. Are the following statements true or false?
- •IV. Read the text again and write a summary of it. It shouldn’t exceed one third of the text.
- •V. Render the text in English.
- •VI. Match the Russian and English equivalents.
- •VII. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Text 2 Greenhouse Gases
- •I. Before reading the text discuss the following questions.
- •II. Read the text and check your answers.
- •Table 1: Greenhouse Gases
- •Text 3 Waste Discharges during the Offshore Oil and Gas Activity
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Match the Russian and English equivalents.
- •IV. Make up your own sentences with words and
- •Text 4 Chemical Composition of Discharged Wastes
- •I. Read part I and give English equivalents to the following Russian words and word combinations.
- •Part I Drilling Fluids and Cuttings
- •II. Are the following statements true or false?
- •Part II Produced Waters
- •I. Check that you know the meaning of the following words and word combinations. Use a dictionary where necessary.
- •II. Fill in the gaps in the text with the correct form of the words in capitals given in column b. Define their part of speech.
- •Part III Atmospheric Emissions
- •I. Express the main idea of each paragraph in a single sentence in English.
- •II. Suggest a suitable heading for each paragraph.
- •III. Answer the following questions.
- •IV. Match the Russian and English equivalents.
- •Part IV Other Wastes
- •I. Before reading the text try to guess what other wastes can accompany oil and gas operations in offshore developments.
- •References
III. Are the following statements true or false?
Correct the false ones.
Petroleum industry causes numerous environmental problems.
Due to new technologies exploring and drilling for oil leave no production footprints any more.
Among them we can name satellites, global positioning systems, remote sensing devices, and 3-D and 4-D seismic technologies.
Using horizontal and directional drilling it is possible to produce only a single well.
Offshore rigs must be plugged below ground when all oil is extracted.
The amount of oil spilled from ships is only 2 percent.
Most oil gets into water when fuel is leaked from motorboats and jet skis.
Many different pollutants can be released from refineries into the air.
Some countries banned the use of MTBE in gasoline because people can’t drink it.
When petroleum products are burned as fuel, they give off a greenhouse gas.
IV. Read the text again and write a summary of it. It shouldn’t exceed one third of the text.
V. Render the text in English.
VI. Match the Russian and English equivalents.
A. global positioning system 1.среда обитания B. remote sensing device 2.подземный резервуар C. oil spills 3.средство дистанционной регистрации D. pollutants 4.выход нефти, просачивание нефти E. oil seep 5.наносить ущерб живой природе F. the make up of gasoline 6.нефтяные разливы, просачивание нефти G. underground storage tank 7.загрязняющие вещества H. habitat 8.природоохранное законодательство I. to harm wildlife 9.глобальная навигационная система J. environmental laws 10.состав бензина
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VII. Translate from Russian into English.
1. Добыча нефти и газа является дорогостоящим процессом, и к тому же может вызвать ряд серьезных экологических последствий.
2. Более 70% мировых запасов нефти сопровождаются видимым просачиванием нефти на поверхность, и многие месторождения нефти находят благодаря естественным утечкам.
3. Нефтедобывающая отрасль напрямую ответственна лишь за очень малую долю разливов нефти.
4. Самые крупные выбросы нефти происходят на трубопроводах из-за дефектов сварки, скрытых дефектов и коррозии металла.
5. Достигшие предельной степени износа, буровые установки для бурения в море опрокидывают и оставляют на морском дне и могут служить в качестве искусственных рифов и создать микросреду обитания для морских организмов.
6. При сжигании нефти в атмосферу высвобождается углекислый газ, что способствует глобальному потеплению.
7. Современные технологии значительно сократили следы промышленной активности нефтегазовой отрасли.
8. Существуют строгие нормы и положения, управляющие всеми операциями в процессе добычи и производства нефти.
9.Так как нефтеперерабатывающие заводы могут выпускать большое количество загрязняющих веществ в атмосферу, правительство контролирует их, для того чтобы убедиться, что их деятельность соответствует экологическим стандартам.
10. Многие законы по охране окружающей среды направлены на то, чтобы был изменен состав бензина и дизельного топлива, так чтобы они давали меньше вредных выбросов в атмосферу.